" As the World Health Organization said in its report last year, with all the wealth of wisdom that it has at its command: 'Cancer of the cervix is now a preventable disease.'" (Lord Leatherland, 1965). This is a heartening prospect-but, if, for example, earlier smears and/or histological sections have to be reviewed. "Test" is in fact a misnomer and should read "expert opinion."The nature of the cytologist's work and that of his report are insufficiently appreciated. With the ever-increasing pressure of work on hospital laboratories, the somewhat unique technical difficulties and subtle problems inherent in the development and expansion of a cytology service, especially within the framework of the National Health Service, continue slowly to reveal themselves, and it is the purpose of this paper to comment upon these in the light of our own experience.Smears from over 1,000 cases a month are now being examined in this laboratory from hospitals, local health