Routes of cannabis administration among females in the year before and during pregnancy: Results from a pilot project

Young-Wolff, Kelly C.; Adams, Sara R.; Wi, Sharon; Weisner, Constance; Conway, Amy

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106125

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…women used marijuana in the preceding 30 days. † The most common mode of marijuana use among those in the PRAMS sample was smoking, which is similar to findings from women attending prenatal care at two California medical centers (5). The most common reasons for use during pregnancy were to relieve stress or anxiety, nausea or vomiting, and pain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Characteristics of Marijuana Use During Pregnancy — Eight States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017

Ko¹,

Coy²,

Haight³

et al. 2020

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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TABLE. Maternal characteristics by marijuana use and cessation during pregnancy among women who used marijuana before pregnancyeight states,* Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2017 Maternal characteristic Prepregnancy use weighted % (95% CI) (n = 765) † Marijuana use status during pregnancy weighted % (95% CI) aPR § (95% CI) Continuous use (n = 410) † Cease use (n = 355) † Total-41.2 (35.1-47.6) 58.8 (52.4-64.9)-Age group, yrs <20 7.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Characteristics of Marijuana Use During Pregnancy — Eight States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017

Ko¹,

Coy²,

Haight³

et al. 2020

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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“…Second, most states that have legalized recreational cannabis also include provisions for cannabis commercialization, resulting in both new modes of administration and novel, more potent cannabis products. 33,42,43 Third, issues with study methods, including uncontrolled confounding, also contribute to uncertainty regarding the evidence. 21 However, findings from recent studies examining the association of cannabis use with female reproductive system health, perinatal outcomes, and infant and child neurodevelopment have elicited concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Maternal Cannabis Use in the Preconception, Prenatal, and Postpartum Periods

2021

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“…Importantly, recent studies examining various routes of administration suggest that vaping cannabis may have more detrimental effects on a developing fetus compared to other traditional routes, as higher THC concentrations can be reached both in the vaping liquid and in the consumer's blood levels (Young-Wolff et al, 2020). Yet, little research has examined the health consequences resulting from ecigarette use during pregnancy, despite requests from medical professionals (Brandon et al, 2015;Suter et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined vapor exposure to THC and alcohol in pregnant rats: Maternal outcomes and pharmacokinetic effects

Breit

Rodriguez

Lei

et al. 2020

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug among pregnant women, yet the potential consequences of prenatal cannabis exposure on development are not well understood. Electronic cigarettes have become an increasingly popular route of administration among pregnant women, in part to user's perception that e-cigarettes are a safer route for consuming cannabis products. Importantly, half of pregnant women who consume cannabis also report consuming alcohol, but research investigating co-consumption of these drugs is limited, particularly with current routes of administration.The purpose of this study was to establish a co-exposure vapor inhalation model of alcohol and THC in pregnant rats, to ultimately determine the effects on fetal development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to moderate doses of THC via e-cigarettes, alcohol, the combination, or vehicle daily from gestational days 5-20. Importantly, pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol and THC were observed during pregnancy. Combined exposure consistently increased blood alcohol concentrations, indicating that THC alters alcohol metabolism. In addition, THC levels also increased over the course of pregnancy and THC metabolism was altered by alcohol. Alcohol, but not THC, exposure during pregnancy reduced maternal weight gain, despite no group differences in food intake. Neither prenatal alcohol nor THC exposure altered gestational length, litter size, sex ratio or birth weight. However, prenatal alcohol exposure delayed eye opening, and prenatal THC exposure decreased body weights during adolescence among offspring. These individual and synergistic effects suggest that this novel co-exposure vapor inhalation paradigm can effectively be used to expose pregnant dams, exerting some effects on fetal development, while avoiding nutritional confounds, birth complications, or changes in litter size. With this model, we have demonstrated that combining THC and alcohol alters drug metabolism, which could have important consequences on prenatal development.

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Routes of cannabis administration among females in the year before and during pregnancy: Results from a pilot project

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Characteristics of Marijuana Use During Pregnancy — Eight States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017

Characteristics of Marijuana Use During Pregnancy — Eight States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017

Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Maternal Cannabis Use in the Preconception, Prenatal, and Postpartum Periods

Combined vapor exposure to THC and alcohol in pregnant rats: Maternal outcomes and pharmacokinetic effects

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