Characteristics of Marijuana Use During Pregnancy — Eight States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017

Ko, Jean Y.; Coy, Kelsey; Haight, Sarah C.; Haegerich, Tamara M.; Williams, Letitia; Cox, Shanna; Njai, Rashid; Grant, Althea M.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a2

Cited by 79 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“… 37 However, these earlier data predated the current opioid epidemic among pregnant people and the most recent sociopolitical changes in marijuana use. 7 , 15 , 20 , 38 , 39 As in the study by Rough et al, 37 self-reported opioid use was low in this population. Although one reason may be underreporting, another reason may be that SMARTT sites do not completely overlap with the regions most affected by the opioid epidemic or that individuals with greater opioid use may not enroll in studies such as SMARTT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Marijuana, Opioid, and Alcohol Use Among Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals Living With HIV in the US

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Marijuana, Opioid, and Alcohol Use Among Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals Living With HIV in the US

et al. 2021

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“…Surveys of people in the United States who used cannabis during pregnancy indicate they do so to relieve stress, anxiety, chronic pain, nausea and vomiting. 51,52 However, our participants differed from those in previous survey studies because nearly half of the survey participants disclosed recreational cannabis use during pregnancy, which may reflect a difference in populations, greater social desirability bias in qualitative interviews or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Reasons for cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation: a qualitative study

Vanstone

Taneja

Popoola

et al. 2021

CMAJ

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annabis use by pregnant and lactating people is increasing, though it is difficult to establish the prevalence of cannabis use in pregnancy. Reported prevalence varies from 2% to 36%, depending on the methodology used to detect use, the population studied and the definition of use. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Pregnant people have reported using cannabis to manage pregnancy-related conditions (e.g., nausea, weight gain, sleep difficulty) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and pre-existing conditions (e.g., mental health, insomnia, chronic pain), 13,14,18 as well as to improve mood, mental, physical and spiritual well-being, 16,18 provide pleasure and manage stress. [13][14][15][16] Recent systematic reviews have not found empirical data on reasons for cannabis use during lactation. 20,21 Evidence is still emerging about clinical outcomes related to cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation, and wellcontrolled studies are lacking. [22][23][24] The available evidence is limited by reliance on self-reported data about dose, composition and timing of exposure, the changing nature of tetrahydrocannabinol levels in cannabis over time, and a lack of studies that control for known confounders such as polysubstance and tobacco use. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The available evidence does suggest that cannabis use during pregnancy may be associated with complications such as low birth weight, childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes and preterm birth. [22][23][24]32,33 Very few studies have analyzed the outcomes associated with cannabis exposure through breastmilk, with 1 study suggesting decreased infant motor development and another showing no effects on developmental outcomes. [34][35][36] Given the potential harms identified, and in the absence of high-quality evidence available to guide practice, most clinical guidelines recommend abstinence from cannabis during pregnancy and lactation. [37][38][39] People who perceive benefits from cannabis may wish to or may be motivated to continue using it through pregnancy and lactation, however. Counselling that explores the reasons

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“…Of note, cofounding factors such as race, social support, substance use, number of people in the household, alcohol problems with a parent, number of illnesses, and maternal depression were significant predictors for the composite score and other categories [23]. Other variables are that pregnant women were more likely to report using marijuana if they did not graduate high school, use tobacco or alcohol, and report a history of abuse or depression [24]. In addition, having a lower household income and being a single-parent were also additional co-variables seen across multiple studies [21] [23] [24].…”

Section: Cannabis and Fetal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Other variables are that pregnant women were more likely to report using marijuana if they did not graduate high school, use tobacco or alcohol, and report a history of abuse or depression [24]. In addition, having a lower household income and being a single-parent were also additional co-variables seen across multiple studies [21] [23] [24].…”

Section: Cannabis and Fetal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%