Rotavirus seasonality in urban sewage from Argentina: Effect of meteorological variables on the viral load and the genetic diversity

Haze is an important medium for the spread of rotavirus

“…Rotavirus spread is complex, and our results indicate that weather factors alone cannot explain the quantitative seasonal pattern of the rotavirus disease; other studies also draw similar conclusions (Barril et al, 2015). Therefore, other risk factors such as alternative transmission routes should be considered.…”

First Molecular Detection and Vp7 (G) Genotyping of Group a Rotavirus by Semi-Nested Rt-PCR From Sewage in Nigeria

“…Some other factors such as general hygiene, nutrition and heard immunity also play a role before disease manifestation occurs. Previous studies in other parts of the world such as the study carried out in Argentina showed a similar seasonal pattern of rotavirus detection in sewage, although there was no statistically significant association 2 . This observed trend in seasonality has been proposed by Bishop 26 , so that the virus might be spread by ingested aerosolized particles.…”

“…In a study from Argentina, a very high detection rate was reported using qPCR technique, with 32 out of 35 samples (91.4%) testing positive 2 . This is one example of the high level of efficiency of molecular methods to detect enteric viruses from environmental sources.…”

“…Other studies have reported detection rates from 11% to 42% 20 , 21 . In our study we used molecular methods rather than Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA) because of the higher sensitivity and specificity of PCR to detect fewer copies of enteric viruses such as rotaviruses from environmental sources 2 , 17 .…”

“…Viral gastroenteritis resulting from exposure to contaminated drinking and recreational waters have been reported worldwide 1 , 2 . Many workers have indicated the presence of enteric viruses such as rotavirus and noroviruses in urban human sewages 3 , 4 .…”