Haze is an important medium for the spread of rotavirus

Ye, Qing; Fu, Jian; Mao, Jianhua; Shen, Hongqiang; Chen, Xuejun; Shao, Wenyong; Shang, Shiqiang; Wu, Yifeng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.090

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The study also found that NO 2 increased the risk of HFMD, which was consistent with the results of another Shenzhen air pollution study [47]. Although no laboratory studies were found on the direct effect of NO 2 on enterovirus, it has been confirmed that the NO 2 concentration was positively correlated with the incidence of rotavirus [48]. Another study also confirmed that NO 2 may have direct effects on epithelial cells, cause systemic inflammation and immune activation and modulate the intestinal microbiota [49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to identify the influencing factors and high-risk areas of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen

Dong

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundThe epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a severe public health problem in the world and has also brought a high economic and health burden. Furthermore, the prevalence of HFMD varies significantly among different locations. However, there have been few investigations of the effects of socioeconomic factors and air pollution factors on the incidence of HFMD. MethodsThis study collected data on HFMD in Shenzhen, China, from 2012 to 2015. We selected eleven factors as potential risk factors for HFMD. A Bayesian spatiotemporal model was used to quantify the influence of the factors on HFMD and to identify the relative risks in different districts. ResultsThe risk factors of HFMD were the population, population density, concentration of SO 2 , and concentration of NO 2 . The relative risks (RRs) were 1.00473 (95%

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to identify the influencing factors and high-risk areas of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen

Dong

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…RVA displayed a strong seasonality in both adults and children. This was consistent with the finding in the neighboring city in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, in which a negative correlation between temperature and rotavirus infection rate was established [32]. Similarly higher temperatures were also linked to fewer hospitalizations for rotavirus in both Shanghai and Hong Kong [8,33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Genetic diversity of group A rotavirus in acute gastroenteritis outpatients in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Group A Rotavirus (RVA), despite being an important pathogen in hospitalized children, is less studied in pediatric outpatients, and even rarely investigated in adults. This study aims to understand the genetic diversity of RVA in outpatients across all age groups in Shanghai, and thus providing a molecular basis for vaccine implementation and evaluation. Methods: Stool samples were first screened by Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). RVA genotyping was performed through the amplification of partial VP7 and VP4 gene. Strains of interest were further sequenced and analyzed using MEGA 6.0. Results: Four thousand nine hundred one samples were collected, from which 7.61% (373 cases) were screened positive for RVA. RVA prevalence was higher in children (9.30%) than in adults (7.21%) (χ 2 = 4.72, P < 0.05). 9.38% RVA positive cases had taken antibiotics before hospital visit while 49.60% had been prescribed antibiotics afterwards. RVA displayed a strong seasonality in both adults and children with a shared commonality in genotype repertoire, where G9P[8] was the most prevalent strain (67.96%) followed by G3P[8] (15.49%) and G1P[8] (12.32%). Meanwhile the first local case of fecal shedding of the G10P[15] vaccine strain was also discovered. Conclusions: While the prevalence of rotavirus is highest during cold seasons, it is revealed for the first time that G9P[8] is the predominant genotype in both adults and pediatric outpatients. Clinically, higher occurrence of nausea or vomiting was observed in RVA positive cases. Antibiotic overuse was implicated in both non-clinical and clinical settings. The finding emphasizes the importance of RVA genotyping in surveillance as it provides the basis for new vaccine application as well as a baseline for future vaccine efficacy evaluation.

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“…Vehicle exhaust is one of the main sources of urban NO 2 and the rapid economic growth in Shenzhen boosted the car ownership, thus NO 2 pollution in Shenzhen is relatively serious [48]. Although no laboratory studies have been found on the direct effects of NO 2 on enteroviruses, a study about NO 2 and other intestinal infectious disease indicated a positive correlation between the concentration of NO 2 and the morbidity of rotavirus [28]. Given that the oral route also accounts for much of the exposure to air pollutants as the pollutants contaminate the food and water supply in significant amounts, NO 2 may have direct effects on epithelial cells, cause systemic inflammation and immune activation, and modulate the intestinal microbiota [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was well documented that air pollutants were harmful to non-communicable diseases [23,24,25,26]. Besides, their impacts on infectious diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and diarrhea were also reported [27,28,29]. Studies on the effects of air pollutants on HFMD just emerged in recent years and were very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Meteorological Factors and Air Pollutants on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease among Children in Shenzhen, China, 2009–2017

Yan

Wei

Duan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: A few studies have explored the association between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with inconsistent results. Besides, studies about the effects of air pollutants on HFMD are very limited. Methods: Daily HFMD cases among children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen were collected from 2009 to 2017. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) model was fitted to simultaneously assess the nonlinear and lagged effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on HFMD incidence, and to further examine the differences of the effect across different subgroups stratified by gender, age and childcare patterns. Results: The cumulative relative risk (cRR) (median as reference) of HFMD rose with the increase of daily temperature and leveled off at about 30 °C (cRR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.29, 1.51). There was a facilitating effect on HFMD when relative humidity was 46.0% to 88.8% (cRR at 95th percentile: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.27). Short daily sunshine duration (5th vs. 50th) promoted HFMD (cRR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.11). The positive correlation between rainfall and HFMD reversed when it exceeded 78.3 mm (cRR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.63). Ozone suppressed HFMD when it exceeded 104 µg /m3 (cRR at 99th percentile: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.94). NO2 promoted HFMD among infants and the cRR peaked at lag 9 day (cRR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.02, 2.13) (99th vs. 50th). Besides, children aged below one year, males and scattered children were more vulnerable to high temperature, high relative humidity, and short sunshine duration. Conclusions: Temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, rainfall, ozone and NO2 were significantly associated with HFMD, and such effects varied with gender age and childcare patterns. These findings highlight the need for more prevention effort to the vulnerable populations and may be helpful for developing an early environment-based warning system for HFMD.

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Haze is an important medium for the spread of rotavirus

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to identify the influencing factors and high-risk areas of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen

Using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to identify the influencing factors and high-risk areas of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen

Genetic diversity of group A rotavirus in acute gastroenteritis outpatients in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018

Short-Term Effects of Meteorological Factors and Air Pollutants on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease among Children in Shenzhen, China, 2009–2017

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