Rotavirus contamination of surface waters from the northwest of Argentina

Prez, Verónica Emilse; Poma, Hugo Ramiro; Giordano, Georgina Gisela; Victoria, Matías; Nates, Silvia; Rajal, Verónica Beatriz; Barril, Patricia A.

doi:10.2166/wh.2020.005

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Various G and P combinations have been identified, however, genotypes G1P G9P[8] and G12P [8] are more commonly detected worldwide (Bányai et al 2018). RV genotypes isolated from wastewater correspond to those reported in clinical samples from the same regions (Sdiri-Loulizi et al 2010a;Prez et al 2020), thus environmental monitoring provides useful data on the epidemiology of RVs circulating within populations (Abdel-Daim et al 2019).…”

Section: Rotavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

2021

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Enteric viruses are a diverse group of human pathogens which are primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route and are a major cause of non-bacterial diarrhoeal disease in both developed and developing countries. Because they are shed in high numbers by infected individuals and can persist for a long time in the environment, they pose a serious threat to human health globally. Enteric viruses end up in the environment mainly through discharge or leakage of raw or inadequately treated sewage into water sources such as springs, rivers, dams, or marine estuaries. Human exposure then follows when contaminated water is used for drinking, cooking, or recreation and, importantly, when filter-feeding bivalve shellfish are consumed. The human health hazard posed by enteric viruses is particularly serious in Africa where rapid urbanisation in a relatively short period of time has led to the expansion of informal settlements with poor sanitation and failing or non-existent wastewater treatment infrastructure, and where rural communities with limited or no access to municipal water are dependent on nearby open water sources for their subsistence. The role of sewage-contaminated water and bivalve shellfish as vehicles for transmission of enteric viruses is well documented but, to our knowledge, has not been comprehensively reviewed in the African context. Here we provide an overview of enteric viruses and then review the growing body of research where these viruses have been detected in association with sewage-contaminated water or food in several African countries. These studies highlight the need for more research into the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and circulation of these viruses in Africa, as well as for development and application of innovative wastewater treatment approaches to reduce environmental pollution and its impact on human health on the continent.

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Section: Rotavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

2021

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“…According to the results of this and previous works, the Arenales River can properly play that role as it does reflect the pathogens circulating in the population. In fact, previous studies performed in the Arenales River revealed the circulation of multiples pathogens including bacteria, parasites, and various enteric viruses (Poma et al, 2012;Blanco Fernandez et al, 2012a;Blanco Fernandez et al, 2012b;Pisano et al, 2018;Prez et al, 2020). Furthermore, the microbiological risk for the population of being in contact with those water through recreational activities was estimated for enterovirus and norovirus (Poma et al, 2019).…”

Section: Cn3covmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 29, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.17.21259122 doi: medRxiv preprint located 0.7 km upstream and 0.7 km downstream the southern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP-S) and the municipal landfill, respectively. Despite the chemical and microbiological contamination of this river (Lomniczi et al, 2007;Poma et al, 2012;Prez et al, 2020), it is used for domestic irrigation of vegetables and for recreational purposes. River before (AR-1) and after (AR-2) the discharge of the southern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP-S); Mojotoro River before (MR-1) and after (MR-2) the discharge of the northern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP-N), and La Caldera River (CR).…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While passing across the city, the river receives stormwater, industrial effluents, and illegal raw sewage (Poma et al, 2012;Lomniczi et al, 2007). Two sampling points were selected (Figure 1 (Lomniczi et al, 2007;Poma et al, 2012;Prez et al, 2020), it is used for domestic irrigation of vegetables and for recreational purposes. La Caldera River (CR) is located 13 km north from the city of Salta.…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time many of those aquatic environments are used as source water, for the irrigation of vegetables or for recreational purposes (Chávez-Díaz et al, 2019;Gutiérrez-Cacciabue et al, 2014;Poma et al, 2012). Previous studies about the microbiological quality of surface water in Salta, northwest of Argentina, demonstrated that fecal contamination was considerable in some rivers (Chavez-Díaz et al, 2020;Cruz et al, 2012;Gutierrez-Cacciabue et al, 2014), and multiple pathogens, including bacteria, enteric virus, and parasites, were found (Pisano et al, 2018;Poma et al, 2012;Prez et al, 2020), representing a risk for the population in contact with those waters (Poma et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in rivers as a tool for epidemiological surveillance

Maidana-Kulesza

Poma

Sanguino-Jorquera

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The aim of this work was to evaluate if rivers could be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities. Five sampling points from three rivers (AR-1 and AR-2 in Arenales River, MR-1 and MR-2 in Mojotoro River, and CR in La Caldera River) from the Province of Salta (Argentina), two of them receiving the discharges of the wastewater plants (WWTP) of the city of Salta, were monitored from July to December 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. Fifteen water samples from each point (75 samples in total) were collected and characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically and SARS-CoV-2 was quantitatively detected by RT-qPCR. In addition, two targets linked to human contributions, human polyomavirus (HPyV) and RNase P, were quantified and used to normalize the SARS-CoV-2 concentration, which was ultimately compared to the active reported COVID-19 cases. Statistical analyses allowed us to verify the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as to find similarities and differences between sampling points. La Caldera River showed the best water quality, and FIB were within acceptable limits for recreational activities. Although Mojotoro River receives the discharge of the northern WWTP of the city, it did not affect the water quality. Instead, the Arenales River presented the poorest water quality and the river at AR-2 was negatively affected by the discharges of the southern WWTP, which contributed to the significant increase of fecal contamination. SARS-CoV-2 was only found in about half of the samples and in low concentrations in La Caldera and Mojotoro Rivers, while it was high and persistent in the Arenales River. None of the two human tracers was detected in CR, only HPyV was found in MR-1, MR-2 and AR-1, and both were quantified in AR-2. The experimental and the normalized (using the two tracers) viral concentrations strongly correlated with the curve of active reported COVID-19 cases; thus, the Arenales River at AR-2 reflected the epidemiological situation of the city. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that showed the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in an urban river highly impacted by wastewater and proved that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities.

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