Rotavirus associated gastroenteritis in Thailand

Abstract

Swine are economically important food animals, but highly contagious enteric viruses can affect entire swine herds and contribute significantly to piglet morbidity and mortality. The most frequent viruses associated with pig gastroenteritis have been reported as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and rotavirus. Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrhea in piglets and pigs worldwide, and group A and C types are those that pig herds are mostly affected by. In Thailand, studies on rotavirus group A (RVA) have been reported continuously, whereas information on group C is still limited. In this study, we aimed to identify rotavirus group C (RVC) from the feces and intestinal contents of pigs affected with diarrhea. Seven hundred and sixty-nine samples were collected from swine herds located in difference provinces throughout Thailand. The specimens were tested using virus-specific RT-PCR to detect the gene encoding RVC capsid protein VP7 and VP4. Sequencing analyses showed that 6.6% (51/769) of samples were positive for RVC, one third of which tested as single positive for RVC (34/51). Co-infections with the most frequent enteric viruses, RVA and PEDV were also analyzed. Co-infections of RVA/RVC accounted for 21.6% (11/51) of samples and of PEDV/RVC for 7.8% (4/51) of samples, while three samples (5.9%) tested positive for all three viruses. Infections were not associated with seasonality, since the virus was detected throughout the year. RVC was detected in pigs up to 8 weeks old. Analysis of the partial VP7 gene sequences was suggestive that the predominant genotype was G1, which was closely related to the prototype Cowden strain. Due to P[5] was the most prevalent of VP4 genotype. This study demonstrated the low prevalence of RVC in Thailand, a virus not previously documented in this country. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3515v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec ABSTRACT 32 Swine are economically important food animals, but highly contagious enteric viruses 33 can affect entire swine herds and contribute significantly to piglet morbidity and mortality. The 34 most frequent viruses associated with pig gastroenteritis have been reported as porcine epidemic 35 diarrhea virus (PEDV) and rotavirus. Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrhea in piglets and 36 pigs worldwide, and group A and C types are those that pig herds are mostly affected by. In 37 Thailand, studies on rotavirus group A (RVA) have been reported continuously, whereas 38 information on group C is still limited. In this study, we aimed to identify rotavirus group C 39 (RVC) from the feces and intestinal contents of pigs affected with diarrhea. Seven hundred and 40 sixty-nine samples were collected from swine herds located in difference provinces throughout 41 Thailand. The specimens were tested using virus-specific RT-PCR to detect the gene encoding 42 RVC capsid protein VP7 and VP4. Sequencing analyses showed that 6.6% (51/769) of samples 43 were positive for RVC, one third of which tested as single positive for RVC (34/...

High prevalence of equine‐like G3P[8] rotavirus in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand

“…There are a variety of findings regarding the seasonality of RVA infections in tropical regions. In Thailand, RVA has been detected all year round . In this study, the RVA detection peak was between November and April in 2 years, and another peak was observed in July and August in 1 year.…”

“…In the survey on the G/P type distributions in Thailand between 2000 and 2016, various G/P type combinations of RVAs were observed: common G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G9P[8], and uncommon G2P[8], G3P[3], G3P[9], G3P[10], G3P[19], G12P[6], and G12P[8] have been reported. G1P[8] was the most predominant RVA strain detected in Thailand, with an average frequency of detection of 49%, followed by G9P[8], G2P[4], and G3P[8], 24%, 14%, and 11%, respectively.…”

“…In Thailand, the burden of RVA infection is high. The RVA detection rate in hospitalized children aged under 5‐year old with acute gastroenteritis in 2000 to 2011 ranged from 28.4% to 44.5% . RVA infection was detected all year round in most studies in Thailand, the peak number of RVA gastroenteritis cases occurring from November to April .…”

“…The RVA detection rate in hospitalized children aged under 5‐year old with acute gastroenteritis in 2000 to 2011 ranged from 28.4% to 44.5% . RVA infection was detected all year round in most studies in Thailand, the peak number of RVA gastroenteritis cases occurring from November to April . RVA vaccination in national immunization programs has not been started in Thailand, although a monovalent RVA vaccine (Rotarix) was introduced in a pilot study in 2011 in Sukhothai province, Thailand .…”

Predominant prevalence of human rotaviruses with the G1P[8] and G8P[8] genotypes with a short RNA profile in 2013 and 2014 in Sukhothai and Phetchaboon provinces, Thailand

“…Each RVA particle is composed of three layers with two outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4. G8 HuRVAs are associated with many different P types such as P In Thailand, the prevalence of HuRVA is estimated to range from 28.4% to 44.5% among acute gastroenteritis cases aged under 5 years old, the high detection season for rotaviruses being reported to be from November to April [Maneekarn and Khamrin, 2014]. To date, RVAs have been classified into 27G types and 37P types [Matthijnssens et al, 2011;Trojnar et al, 2013].…”