Rotatory effects of intracerebral tetanus toxin injections

McGeer, Patrick L.; McGeer, Edith G.; Campbell, J. J. R.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(80)90235-6

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The ipsiversive circling behaviour described here is consistent with a reduction in nigral GABA release since similar circling is seen following intranigral isoniazid (Gale & Iadarola, 1980), a substance that reduces GABA release indirectly by inhibiting its synthesis, and by postsynaptic GABA antagonists (see Pycock, 1980). Intranigral injections of much higher doses of tetanus toxin also predominantly produce ipsiversive circling behaviour (James & Collingridge, 1979;McGeer, McGeer & Campbell, 1980;Collingridge et al, 1980a) although dopamine-dependent contraversive circling is observed with injections into the rostral nigra (James & Collingridge, 1979). The contraversive circling may be due to disinhibition of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurones whereas the ipsiversive circling probably results from removal of inhibitory influences onto other nigral output pathways, in particular nigrothalamic and nigrotectal systems (Di Chiara, Porceddu, Morelli, Mulas & Gessa, 1978; Kilpatrick, Starr, Fletcher, James & MacLeod, 1980;Imperato, Porceddu, Morelli, Faa & Di Chiara, 1981; Kilpatrick, Collingridge & Starr, 1982).…”

Section: Effects On Releasesupporting

confidence: 77%

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [³H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Collingridge

Davies

1982

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effects of sublethal doses of tetanus toxin on y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic transmission and [3H]-GABA release were studied in the rat substantia nigra. 2 Intranigral injections of tetanus toxin at 1-5 times the mouse LD50 dose produced ipsiversive circling behaviour which was maximal after 1 week and lasted 2-3 weeks. Rats then displayed normal behaviour suggesting that the effects of the toxin were fully reversible. 3 In the treated nigra of circling rats there was a reduction in the striatal-evoked inhibition of compacta and reticulata neurones, but no change in their spontaneous firing rates. Some forms of striatal-evoked excitation were also reduced. Once rats had recovered from circling no alterations in the synaptic responses were detected. 4 In circling rats there were no differences in the sensitivities of neurones in the treated and untreated nigra to GABA or to other inhibitory neurotransmitters.5 The Ca2'-dependent, K+-evoked release of [3H]-GABA from slices prepared from the treated nigra of circling rats was less than that from the untreated nigra of circling rats. No differences in nigral [3H]-GABA release were observed once rats had recovered from the circling behaviour. 6 The results demonstrate that doses of tetanus toxin which produce reversible behavioural effects can interfere reversibly with GABA-mediated synaptic transmission by a presynaptic mechanism which probably involves a reduction in transmitter release.

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Section: Effects On Releasesupporting

confidence: 77%

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [³H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Collingridge

Davies

1982

British J Pharmacology

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“…Striatal dopamine and homovanillic acid were raised when injection into the rostral s. nigra had led to contralateral turning, but not when injection into the caudal s. nigra had elicited ipsilateral turning (JAMES and COLLlNGRIDGE 1979). Glycine uptake into synaptosomal fractions was not significantly influenced either, and there was no asymmetry in other parameters of neostriatal transmitter systems such as content of choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (MCGEER and MCGEER 1979;MCGEER et al 1980). Glycine uptake into synaptosomal fractions was not significantly influenced either, and there was no asymmetry in other parameters of neostriatal transmitter systems such as content of choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (MCGEER and MCGEER 1979;MCGEER et al 1980).…”

Section: Tetanus Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direction, depending on the injection site, was ipsilateral (MCGEER et al 1980;DAVIES 1980, 1982a) or both contralateral and ipsilateral COLLINGRIDGE and HERRON 1985). The time to onset depended on the amounts of toxin administered and could be as short as a few minutes and as long as 4 days.…”

Section: Tetanus Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The turning response was not changed by prior treatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (MCGEER and MCGEER 1979;MCGEER et al 1980). Striatal dopamine and homovanillic acid were raised when injection into the rostral s. nigra had led to contralateral turning, but not when injection into the caudal s. nigra had elicited ipsilateral turning (JAMES and COLLlNGRIDGE 1979).…”

Section: Tetanus Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 129

Clarke¹,

Compans²,

Cooper³

et al. 1986

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Published by Springer-Verlag Price : 129.95 € Hardcover Pages : 255, Vol 340, 2010 ISBN : 978-3-642-03857-0 DOI : 10.1007 Reviewed by Rajendra Kumar and Rupali Sharma "Current topics in microbiology and immunology: Immunological Synapse" Reviewed by Rajendra Kumar and Rupali Sharma.Published by Springer pp 255, Price 129.95 €(Hardcover).The science of immunology has seen outsized transformation from a medicine named vaccination to a contemporary applied science focused on versatile development in molecular medicine. Fundamental principles of immunology along with their clinical applications provide an exciting platform for specialization. Immune system is able to engender variety of cells and molecules capable of recognizing and removing infinite number of foreign intruders. Functioning of immune system is dependent on a reliable cell-cell communication, which forms the basis of phenomena of Immunological Synapse.Current volume is an attempt of an additional step toward understanding the immunological synapse. It has the essence of most consensual volume, as editors invited a number of key researchers in the field, to provide perspectives and current understanding of the molecular process in the wake of the formation and function of the immunological synapse. This book targets the professionals as well as the medical or bioscience students by emphasizing on the recent advancement in immunological synapse.In first chapter, Michael L. Dustin has enlighten the function of immunological synapse and have explained the basic features of molecular interactions in the synapse using the lipid bi-layer on glass surface model. Further he has also explained that how this model along with fluorescent microscopy, can be exploited for the measurement of 2-D affinity and kinetics in cell-cell contact.Junsang Doh and Matthew F. Krummel have contributed the second chapter. They have reviewed the pattern of cell-cell communication in T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells and extrapolated it into the framework of immune system as a whole. Here, the authors have suggested various patterns of cell-cell communication in the immune system and have described that how each type of pattern suffice the need of an efficient communication in the system. Yolanda R. Carrasco has presented his perspective on B-cell synapse by spreading-contraction response theory of B cell activation in the succeeding chapter. Here, authors have suggested that immunological synapse is crucial for increasing the sensibility of B cells to antigen. The authors have discussed the role of single cell imaging techniques like real-time confocal microscopy and total interference reflection fluorescence microscopy in the study of the molecular mechanisms beneath B cell activation.Since it is crucial to control the immune response for maintaining the self-tolerance, the inhibitory immune synapse comes into the picture. This view has been presented by Philipp Eissmann and Daniel M. Davis. Here, the authors have discussed the role of supra-molecular assemblies to co...

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“…None of these approaches provides a completely satisfactory model for chronic focal epilepsy, however, which requires induction of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) that persist indefinitely. Tetanus toxin has long been known to produce behavioral effects and seizures when applied to the CNS (Brooks and Asanuma, 1962;Carrea and Lanari, 1962;Kryzhanovsky and Aliev, 1976;McGeer et al, 1980), and strong evidence shows that it produces these effects by blocking inhibitory (and to a lesser extent excitatory) transmission presynaptically Mellanby and Green, 1981;Wellhoner, 1982;Bergey et al, 1983). A promising but largely unexploited alternative to these ap-proaches is the tetanus toxin model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Semichronic Limbic Epilepsy Produced by Microinjection of Tetanus Toxin in Cat Hippocampus

Darcey

Williamson

1992

Epilepsia

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We describe an animal preparation in which a semichronic or chronic limbic epileptiform syndrome can be produced reliably by unilateral microinjection of tetanus toxin in cat ventral hippocampus. Injections were given at 1-week intervals until abnormal EEG activity was observed. After two to five injections, the animals abruptly began to exhibit intermittent spikes and subclinical discharges that soon gave way to spontaneous and recurrent behavioral seizures which gradually increased in frequency, duration, and severity in the next 12-48 h. Anticonvulsant therapy (phenobarbital, PB) was required within the first 3 days of the syndrome, since life-threatening generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and status epilepticus would develop if the animal were left untreated. If severe seizures were prevented by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) there was complete remission of the syndrome and repeat injection was necessary to reinitiate seizures. Animals that experienced severe seizures or that were reinjected after remission developed a chronic seizure syndrome and could be maintained with AEDs for long times (greater than 1 year) without significant debilitation. Although early spikes and subclinical discharges were typically focal to ipsilateral limbic sites, initial seizures appeared explosively in the form of a high-amplitude, high-frequency discharge, which often had an apparently bilateral limbic onset. On the other hand, chronic seizures had much more gradual onset and spread, often consisting of periodic sharp waves or low-amplitude sinusoidal discharge that was more clearly focal to ipsilateral limbic sites. Throughout the syndrome, ictal behavioral manifestations were highly stereotyped and very comparable to those described by other investigators in studies of clinical and experimental limbic epilepsy. All animals exhibited signs of independent contralateral involvement during the syndrome, ranging from independent contralateral spikes to subclinical discharges with a clear contralateral onset. None of the animals exhibited structural lesions on histologic examination at the level of light microscopy.

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Rotatory effects of intracerebral tetanus toxin injections

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [³H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [³H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 129

Chronic Semichronic Limbic Epilepsy Produced by Microinjection of Tetanus Toxin in Cat Hippocampus

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Rotatory effects of intracerebral tetanus toxin injections

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [3H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [3H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 129

Chronic Semichronic Limbic Epilepsy Produced by Microinjection of Tetanus Toxin in Cat Hippocampus

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REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [³H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF TETANUS TOXIN ON STRIATAL‐EVOKED RESPONSES AND [³H]‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE IN THE RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA