Rosacea and the gastrointestinal system

Searle, Tamara; Ali, Fahad; Carolides, Sarah; Al‐Niaimi, Firas

doi:10.1111/ajd.13401

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The cytokines observed (including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)) promote angiogenesis, highlighting a potential cause of the long-standing, prominent telangiectasias often present in rosacea. It has been suggested that D. folliculorum's exoskeleton itself incites the production of inflammatory markers [13].…”

Section: Demodex Folliculorummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an additional layer of complexity, B. oleronius, a gram-negative Demodex-associated bacteria, triggers inflammatory pathways in its own right [7,8,13]. This microorganism has been demonstrated to produce antigenic proteins that potentially play a role in PPR, ETR, and ocular rosacea [8].…”

Section: Bacillus Oleroniusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies, and many others, substantiate the notion of a gut-skin axis. In fact, Nam et al go a step further, describing the ''gut-brain-skin axis'' based on clinical evidence demonstrating amelioration of cutaneous inflammation following the administration of prebiotics and probiotics and the exhibition of similar neuronal and inflammatory activity in both the gut and skin [13,18].…”

Section: The Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a healthy state, a diverse enteric microbiome prevents the passage of noxious substances across the gut mucosal surface [13]. A compromise in the mucosa, either through changes in the microbiome or autoimmune disease, may result in pernicious substances entering the bloodstream and affecting peripheral sites [13]. Previous studies have linked inflammatory skin diseases with an imbalanced gut microbiome [2,23,24].…”

Section: Alterations In the Gastrointestinal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators theorize that circulating cytokines, particularly TNFa, may play a role in this striking relationship [33]. In addition to TNFa, SIBO may alter immunity and trigger rosacea by the augmentation of other cytokines which suppress IL-17 and stimulate the Th1mediated immune response [6,13].…”

Section: Sibomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Rosacea and the Microbiome: A Systematic Review

Daou

Paradiso

Hennessy

et al. 2020

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of facial flushing, erythema, pustules, and telangiectasia, largely affects fair-skinned women over 30 years of age. Although a long-recognized entity, the exact pathophysiology of this disease is still debated. Current theories highlight the role of the cutaneous microbiome and its associated inflammatory effects in rosacea’s pathogenesis. However, microbiological reverberations are not limited to the skin, as recent studies have described the potential cutaneous effects of alterations in the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome. Associations with additional GI pathologies, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have been investigated, as well as Helicobacter pylori infection. In an attempt to better understand and characterize these relationships, as well as current treatment options, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase from their inception to August 6, 2020. We have synthesized the literature findings within three sections of this manuscript: the cutaneous microbiome, the gut microbiome, and therapeutic strategies. Future studies should focus on specific mechanisms linking GI pathology with rosacea manifestations and the role of enteral drugs in mitigating cutaneous symptoms.

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Section: Demodex Folliculorummentioning

confidence: 99%