Roots of modern cardiology in Poland

Abstract

The aim of the paper was to present the achievements of Polish physicians in the field of heart diseases in the times when cardiology was still not established as a separate branch of medicine, i.e. in the last decades of the 19 th and the opening decades of the 20 th centuries. The article is based on results previously delivered in historical works of other researchers and on original texts coming from the era which is the subject of the present report. The review focuses on the main topics of scientific investigation related to heart diseases-the subject of interest for physicians who are depicted herein. It should be stressed that only part of their intellectual heritage could be presented, with only a limited selection of names, articles, or books. Nevertheless, even when narrowed in scope, it shows innovativeness in many aspects of practical and scientific approaches to clinical problems. It also brings to our mind times when the dreams of many have wandered around the independence of one's homeland, dreams which finally came true in 1918. From Adam Raciborski, who was fighting in the November Uprising and then was forced to leave Polish soil, to Andrzej Klisiecki, a soldier of the resurrected Polish army, defending his country against the Bolshevik invasion in 1920, the majority of researchers would take a strong patriotic attitude and work for the benefit of society. When Poland was back on the maps of Europe, they were able to open a new chapter in their scientific research, valuing the treasure of independence.

Recent Advances in Anti‐Atherosclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Nanomaterial‐Derived Drug Formulations

“…[ 50 ] Through the production of mediators such as tissue plasminogen activator, prostacyclin, NO, and antithrombin III, ECs serve as the guardians of vascular homeostasis, as they prevent blood clotting, platelet activation, and leukocyte adherence and infiltration. [ 51 ] The equilibrium between vasodilation and vasoconstriction is disturbed when ECs are damaged, resulting in events that can worsen AS. When considering activated ECs in atheromatous plaques, available active targets may include expressed adhesion molecules such as E‐selectins, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1).…”

The foundation of the Polish Cardiac Society and the Polish Heart Journal

“…; and Jan Henryk Lubieniecki, chair at Poznań University (1923)(1924)(1925)(1926)(1927)(1928)(1929)(1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938)(1939)). [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Apart from professors of internal medicine, scholars who specialized in other fields, particularly those who held chairs of surgery at faculties of medicine, also took interest in cardiology. Cardiac issues were also dealt with by Professor Marian Franke, chair of General and Experimental Pathology at Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv in the years 1921 to 1939; Włodzimierz Koskowski, chair of Experimental Pharmacology at the same university in the years 1925 to 1939; and Marian Eiger, chair of Physiology at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius in the years 1922 to 1938.…”