Root:shoot ratios of old and modern, tall and semi-dwarf wheats in a mediterranean environment

Siddique, Kadambot H. M.; Belford, R. K.; Tennant, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00013101

Cited by 321 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…3 Interrelation of climate and soil subsystems for plant water supply in a rainfed cropping system. In supply-driven ecosystems, plant water supply depends on in-season rainfall, while crop performance in storagedriven systems is strongly linked to soil retention of rainwater fallen before the time of maximum crop demand 60 % of total evapotranspiration (Siddique et al 1990a;Debaeke and Aboudrare 2004). The amount of evaporation losses depends on climate (evaporative demand) and soil conditions (surface wetness, soil hydraulic conductivity ;Hillel 1980;Gregory et al 2000).…”

Section: Soil Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

401

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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Section: Soil Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

401

234

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“…The purpose of crop breeding is to improve grain yields. After years of domestication, the most obvious changes to crop species are the increased investment of biomass to reproductive organs and the reduced investment of biomass to the root system (Siddique et al, 1990). In future, it would be better to test our hypotheses over a whole growth period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long histories of domestication, selection and breeding have fundamentally transformed plants (Cronquist, 1988;Evans, 1993). A series of changes has taken place in seed plants: the increased allocation of biomass to reproductive organs accounts for much of the progress in breeding for high yield potential in wheat, oat, barley, maize and sunflower (Slafer, 1994), along with more biomass being allocated to shoots in modern wheat genotypes (Siddique et al, 1990;Zhang et al, 1999, Qin et al, 2012 and that wheat and barley crops have larger seeds than wild types (Dubcovsky and Dvorak, 2007). Whether artificial selection has changed the uniform isometric relationship in grain crop species is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scaling Relationship of Below and Above-ground Biomass of Different Grain Crops during the Seedling Stage

Qin¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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Seed size was positively correlated with the scaling exponents of MB vs. MA for the 32 genotypes (P<0.05), which means large-seeded species generally had more potential for allocating biomass to roots during the seedling stage. These findings suggest that a uniform isometric relationship exists in grain crop species and that artificial selection in crop species has not changed this relationship. In addition, larger seeds are an evolutionarily-stable strategy based on high grain yield per area.

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“…In reality, root growth depends both on the relationship between root water uptake and canopy water demand and also is closely related to carbon allocation [30] . Root production usually increases for a given time, then remains relatively constant for a period, followed by a decline, even when the root water uptake is less than the water demand by the canopy [31] .…”

Section: Leaf and Root Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root production usually increases for a given time, then remains relatively constant for a period, followed by a decline, even when the root water uptake is less than the water demand by the canopy [31] . We assumed that roots stop growing at anthesis stage [30] , thus C t was set to be 1360 [24] and 1011 [25,26] degree days for wheat and maize, respectively.…”

Section: Leaf and Root Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the crop transpiration using an optimality-based approach

Lei

Yang

Schymanski

et al. 2008

Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci.

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Evapotranspiration constitutes more than 80% of the long-term water balance in Northern China. In this area, crop transpiration due to large areas of agriculture and irrigation is responsible for the majority of evapotranspiration. A model for crop transpiration is therefore essential for estimating the agricultural water consumption and understanding its feedback to the environment. However, most existing hydrological models usually calculate transpiration by relying on parameter calibration against local observations, and do not take into account crop feedback to the ambient environment. This study presents an optimality-based ecohydrology model that couples an ecological hypothesis, the photosynthetic process, stomatal movement, water balance, root water uptake and crop senescence, with the aim of predicting crop characteristics, CO 2 assimilation and water balance based only on given meteorological data. Field experiments were conducted in the Weishan Irrigation District of Northern China to evaluate performance of the model. Agreement between simulation and measurement was achieved for CO 2 assimilation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture content. The vegetation optimality was proven valid for crops and the model was applicable for both C 3 and C 4 plants. Due to the simple scheme of the optimality-based approach as well as its capability for modeling dynamic interactions between crops and the water cycle without prior vegetation information, this methodology is potentially useful to couple with the distributed hydrological model for application at the watershed scale.crop transpiration, CO 2 assimilation, optimality, feedback, ecohydrological model

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Root:shoot ratios of old and modern, tall and semi-dwarf wheats in a mediterranean environment

Cited by 321 publications

References 25 publications

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Management of crop water under drought: a review

The Scaling Relationship of Below and Above-ground Biomass of Different Grain Crops during the Seedling Stage

Modeling the crop transpiration using an optimality-based approach

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