Root rot, associated fungi and their impact on health condition of declining<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>stands in Lithuania

Bakys, Remigijus; Vasiliauskas, Albertas; Ihrmark, Katarina; Stenlid, Jan; Menkis, Audrius; Vasaitis, Rimvydas

doi:10.1080/02827581.2010.536569

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, it can be suggested that high amounts of Armillaria inoculum in the soil, abundantly present through dying trees, facilitate the infection even of healthier trees. We could show that trees with the stem necroses also possess a significantly higher ash dieback intensity, which is in accordance with former results from different countries [7,19,36]. When starting the monitoring in 2009, as the infections became visible, the vast majority of affected ash trees showed a gradual decline from one vitality class to the next class (exemplarily shown for Freising).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The fungus is often associated with forest decline events and is generally considered as a contributing factor ultimately responsible for tree death following some other predisposing stresses [20]. Symptoms of the disease can be found on collar rots and were firstly described in Lithuania and Denmark [18,21,36], where ash dieback was found earlier. Recently, also reports from south-western Germany describe the disease symptoms [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of Ash Dieback in South-Eastern Germany and the Increasing Occurrence of Secondary Pathogens

Lenz

Bartha

Straßer

et al. 2016

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Since its first identification in Poland in 2006, the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has caused massive dieback of Fraxinus excelsior in the countries of eastern, northern and central Europe. This work shows the development, expansion, and severity of the disease in south-eastern Germany for a period of four years, starting in 2010. Differences between habitats, as well as age classes have been captured. The presence and the amount of potentially resistant trees were proven over the years, to determine how high the resistance level might be. Typical disease symptoms are the wilting of leaves, necrotic lesions in the bark and reddish discolorations of branches and stems. In addition, stem necroses also appear by infection with species of Armillaria. Therefore, special attention has been given to Armillaria species in affected ash stands but also to other secondary pathogens, like ash bark beetles. It is shown that breeding galleries of Hylesinus fraxini are only found in trees that have recently died and thus Hylesinus fraxini is still acting as a secondary opportunistic pathogen. In contrast, Armillaria spp. can be considered as serious pathogens of weakened ash trees. In different ash stands, typical symptoms of infection can be found. A relationship between stem base necrotic lesions and vitality was examined. It is shown that necrotic lesions severely contribute to accelerating the mortality of ash trees. In addition to the high infection pressure by H. fraxineus, the high inoculum of Armillaria in the soil facilitates further infections and, thus, likewise endangers the survival of potentially resistant trees. In the following years, forest conversion and seed harvest in affected ash stands will have to be urgently considered to avoid tree gaps on a large scale. Furthermore, infection assays of potentially resistant trees with ensuing breeding programmes should be initially started for the conservation of this ecologically and economically important tree species.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Ash Dieback in South-Eastern Germany and the Increasing Occurrence of Secondary Pathogens

Lenz

Bartha

Straßer

et al. 2016

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Potentially, the larger trees were able to resist H. fraxineus, but the secondary agents (e.g., Armillaria spp.) likely caused their death (Bakys et al 2011;Thomsen and Skovsgaard 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the late 1990s, ash dieback broke out in Poland (Kowalski 2006) and Lithuania (Juodvalkis and Vasiliauskas 2002), rapidly spreading across Europe, and, at present, more than 20 countries have been affected (Vasaitis and Enderle 2017). After the initial symptoms, e.g., wilting of leaves and shoots (Schumacher et al 2010), the infected trees can die within a few months or years (Bakys et al 2011;Bengtsson et al 2014); however, some trees may show chronic symptoms, or even some signs of recovery (Schumacher et al 2010;Bengtsson et al 2014). The ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) is the primary agent of the dieback (Kowalski 2006), while the secondary infection, often by Armillaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%