Statistics of ash dieback in Latvia

Matisone, Ilze; Matisons, Roberts; Laiviņš, Māris; Gaitnieks, T.

doi:10.14214/sf.9901

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These data were from a wide range of geographical locations, including England, Ukraine, Scandinavia, the Baltic states, among others (Table 1, Figure 1a), with exposure to ADB of between 4 and 20 years. The maximum level of mortality we found recorded was 69.4% in a woodland in Latvia after 15 years of ADB exposure (Matisone et al, 2018). The site that appeared to have had the longest exposure to ADB was in Lithuania with 19 years of exposure and had 61.1% mortality (Pluira et al, 2017).…”

Section: Ash Mortality In Woodlandmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimating mortality rates of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under the ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) epidemic

Coker

Rozsypálek

Edwards

et al. 2018

Plants People Planet

107

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Societal Impact Statement Damage to ash trees by ash dieback caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is impacting people across Europe. This poses challenges to: public safety; productivity of commercial forestry; green spaces and human wellbeing; and ecosystem services and carbon sequestration. Here, we seek to quantify the impact of ash dieback on tree mortality by analyzing surveys counting the proportion of trees that have died in sites across Europe. However, more and better data are needed to inform policy makers, foresters, conservationists, and other stakeholders as they plan for a long‐term future with ash dieback. Summary The ash dieback epidemic, caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, has been present in Europe for over 20 years and caused widespread damage and mortality in ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior) populations. Ash is a major natural capital asset and plays an important role in nature’s contribution to people in Europe. Here, we present a meta‐analysis of surveys of ash mortality due to ash dieback, and a time‐dependent model to estimate longer term mortality. In plantations established previous to the arrival of the epidemic, we analyze 12 surveys, finding a maximum recorded mortality of ~85%. In woodlands with exposure to ash dieback of between 4 and 20 years, we analyze 36 surveys, finding a maximum recorded mortality (which may have missed some dead trees) of ~70%. We also analyze 10 surveys of naturally regenerated saplings, finding maximum recorded mortality of ~82%. We apply logistic models to these data sets to seek longer term predictions. More data are needed before our models can be relied upon for policy decisions. If survival found so far in woodlands is due in part to heritable resistance, natural selection or a breeding program may allow future recovery of ash populations in Europe.

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Section: Ash Mortality In Woodlandmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimating mortality rates of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under the ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) epidemic

Coker

Rozsypálek

Edwards

et al. 2018

Plants People Planet

107

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“…fungus Rigidoporus ulmarius (Lücking et al 2019). Regardless the region, the massive extinction of ash has contributed to the loss of even more than 90% of the trees in the entire range of F. excelsior (Skovsgaard et al 2010;Jönsson and Thor 2012;Cholewińska et al 2018;Matisone et al 2018). The susceptibility of ash to this disease is rising with the increasing intensity of soil water relations disturbances, linked with the water shortage caused by climate change, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fraxinus excelsior dieback on biota of ash-associated lichen epiphytes at the landscape and community level

et al. 2019

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The landscape-scale extinction of a tree species may have a negative impact on diversity of associated epiphytic species. We used ordination and hierarchical clustering methods to assess landscape and the community level effects of reduction in the abundance of European ash Fraxinus excelsior, caused by ash dieback, on the associated epiphytic lichen biota in Białowieża Forest (Poland)-the best preserved forest complex in Central Europe. At the landscape level ash decline impact on the biota of ash-associated epiphytic lichens was weak, due to the high diversity of tree species, which may serve as potential alternative hosts. At this level, oak and hornbeam are the most important alternative hosts, assuring the maintenance of ash-associated epiphytic lichens. Lime, alder, and hazel appeared to be less important but still may serve as substitute phorophytes to approximately 2/3 of the ash-associated lichen biota. About 90% of epiphytic biota are likely to survive on the landscape scale. However, at the community level of alder-ash floodplain forest, where ash was dominant, about 50% of ash-associated epiphytic lichen species are threatened by ash dieback. Our results highlight the importance of a spatial scale in conservation biology. Protection of large forest areas with rich diversity of phorophyte trees increases chances of survival of the associated epiphytic organisms.

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“…Coker 12 estimated ash mortality rates by analysing targeted surveys reporting the proportion of trees that have died in sites across Europe and found mortality values as high as 85% in some pure European ash trials/plantations. Similarly, mortality values higher than 60% have been found in forests in Latvia and Lithuania 31,32 . The lower mortality recorded in the present study reflects probably country-specific differences in disease history: while the south-eastern Norwegian stands with the longest disease history were infected around 2006 24 , the data from targeted studies with the highest mortality in Central Europe come from forest stands with a disease history of 15 to 19 years 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The invasive forest pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus boosts mortality and triggers niche replacement of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior)

Díaz-Yáñez

Mola‐Yudego

Timmermann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Determining the impacts of invasive pathogens on tree mortality and growth is a difficult task, in particular in the case of species occurring naturally at low frequencies in mixed stands. in this study, we quantify such effects by comparing national forest inventory data collected before and after pathogen invasion. in norway, Fraxinus excelsior is a minor species representing less than 1% of the trees in the forests and being attacked by the invasive pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus since 2006. By studying deviations between inventories, we estimated a 74% higher-than-expected average ash mortality and a 13% slower-than-expected growth of the surviving ash trees, indicating a lack of compensation by the remaining ash. We could confidently assign mortality and growth losses to ash dieback as no mortality or growth shifts were observed for co-occurring tree species in the same plots. the mortality comparisons also show regional patterns with higher mortality in areas with the longest disease history in norway. considering that ash is currently mostly growing in mixed forests and that no signs of compensation were observed by the surviving ash trees, a significant habitat loss and niche replacement could be anticipated in the mid-term.www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ forest have co-evolved with native pathogens, which target individuals weakened by inter-and intra-specific competition for resources. Changes in the population of the host would occur if the new pathogen caused a higher mortality than that occurring under natural conditions in the forest. Manion and Griffin 14 obtained the baseline mortality from a Liocourt curve calculated from tree inventories carried out over large areas. This model shows how the density of trees decreases as they increase in diameter. The underlying process behind this curve is that weaker trees eventually die, and the surviving trees increase their size as they occupy the newly freed space. The model is adjusted so that the same decay or mortality operates regardless of tree size, and thus can be used as a 'baseline mortality' value to be compared with when analysing areas affected by a new pathogen. Manion and Griffin 14 applied this approach to widespread tree species in eastern US; however, this model can be difficult to apply in the case of minor species, such as Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior or Ulmus minor, affected by exotic pathogens in Europe. These species are poorly represented in national forest inventories (NFIs), and often appear in mixed natural stands where baseline mortality may be difficult to estimate.In this study, we focus on European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Norway. Ash, a keystone species with wide distribution and habitat range in Europe, is being affected by the non-native fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya. European ash grows over a wide range of altitudes and soil moisture contents, depending on climatic and site conditions. It is frequently mixed with other broadleaved trees fr...

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Statistics of ash dieback in Latvia

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Estimating mortality rates of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under the ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) epidemic

Estimating mortality rates of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under the ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) epidemic

Impact of Fraxinus excelsior dieback on biota of ash-associated lichen epiphytes at the landscape and community level

The invasive forest pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus boosts mortality and triggers niche replacement of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior)

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