Root morphology of mandibular molars: a cone-beam computed tomography study

Abstract

Background:The aim of the study was to assess the number and anatomical classification of roots and root canals of first and second mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Chilean population. Materials and methods: This study evaluated the CBCT scans of 289 patients aged between 14 and 86 years, obtaining a sample of 1022 mandibular first and second molars. The number of roots and root canals was evaluated according to the anatomical classification proposed by Ahmed in 2016. Data were analysed using Pearson's chi-squared test and ANOVA. Results: Nine hundred fifty-one (93.05%) molars had two roots, while the remaining 71 (6.95%) molars had one root. The most frequent root and root canal morphologies found were: 2 MM M 2 D 1 (29.65%), 2 MM M 2-1 D 1 (22.3%) and 2 MM M 1 D 1 (13.4%) (M -mesial, D -distal), with a total of 32 different anatomical distributions. C-shaped canals were present in 56 molars and were more frequently found in women than in men (7.1% vs. 3.88%; p = 0.024). Conclusions: The analysis of internal anatomy using CBCT revealed a highly variable distribution of root canals. The most frequent morphology found in mandibular molars in a Chilean population was two roots and three canals.

Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Molars in a Saudi Population: An In Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

“…is implies that most of the first molars in the Saudi population have three canals. is finding is in agreement with the research conducted by Mashyakhy et al on the Saudi population [20], Abarca et al on the Palestinian population [36], and Senan et al on the Yemeni subpopulation [40]. In another study published by Silva et al [41] on CBCT images of mandibular first and second molars of a Brazilian population, the first molars had two separate roots (74%) with a greater occurrence of two canals in the mesial root and one canal in the distal root.…”

“…e majority of mandibular first and second molar teeth presented with two roots (94.5% and 89.6%, resp. ), similar to previous studies from different populations [3,[34][35][36]. In addition, 3-rooted molars were observed in higher incidence in the first molars (5.5%) than in the second molars (1.7%), consistent with a recent report on the Saudi population (3.05% and 1.48% for first and second molars, resp.)…”

“…In the present study, the right and left sides of mandibular first and second molar anatomy were compared, and no significant differences were observed in the number of roots, number of root canals, and canal configurations of the mesial and distal roots (Tables 2 and 4). Our results are concurrent with a previous report on the Malaysian population using the same methodology [36]. Differences in side help the clinician predict the anatomy of the contralateral tooth when treating both sides.…”

Root Anatomy and Canal Configuration of Maxillary Premolars: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

“…Ahmed´s anatomical classification (2016) adjusts to every single root and root canal anatomy, providing specific information about the tooth, favoring a proper coronal and radicular access. Its use has been proposed not only for investigational purposes but also for teaching and clinical practice (Ahmed & Dummer, 2018).In other tooth types, for example, mandibular molars, 32 different configurations were observed (Abarca et al, 2020); the reason why the number of configurations found was similar to what was observed by Vertucci (Vertucci) could be because maxillary premolars, especially second premolars, are the teeth that best adapt to this classification system (Vertucci). In a recently conducted study in a South-African subpopulation (Buchanan et al, 2020) 13 different configurations were observed for maxillary premolars, and in an Egyptian subpopulation, 11 different canal configurations were observed (Saber et al).…”

3D Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular Premolars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

“…This may benefit in a precise identification of type of the tooth in few cases. In comparison to CBCT images and regular 2-Dimensional X-ray images, it is found to have given better accurate results that led to more successful outcome of the treatment 27,28 . Mandibular premolars have always been a challenge for endodontists due to their diverse root canal anatomy, and a lot of work has already been done on it 29 .…”