Root-length densities of various annual crops following crops with contrasting root systems

Perkons, Ute; Kautz, Timo; Uteau, Daniel; Peth, Stephan; Geier, Vanessa; Thomas, Katharina; Holz, Katharina Lütke; Athmann, Miriam; Pude, Ralf; Köpke, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005

Cited by 106 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For R in Bt-1 a more pronounced influence of the drainage can be observed by a more pronounced increase of D s /D O with more negative matric potential (e.g., from m = −1 to −3 kPa) if compared with the deeper depth or with the other biopore types. This reflects an increased pore function for pores >300 µm to 50 µm (corresponding to the drainage to m = −1 and to m = −6 kPa) and follows the root length density as measured after 2 years of C. intybus (Perkons et al, 2014). The higher D s /D O of Bt-1 compared with Bt-2 can be explained by the intensified soil structure development with decreasing depth, providing a more continuous pore system.…”

Section: R Ew Rewsupporting

confidence: 59%

Impact of Small-Scaled Differences in Micro-Aggregation on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Macroscopic Biopore Walls

Haas

Horn

2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Macroscopic biopores, like earthworm burrows or channels which remain after a root decayed, act as preferential flow paths for water, gas, and heat transport processes, and viewing at agricultural production, as preferential elongation paths for plant roots. These processes result in intense alterations of the soil volume and its composition that surrounds the pores. The effects of these processes were analyzed at small-scale and physico-chemical soil parameters, i.e., relative oxygen diffusion coefficient (D s /D O ), oxygen partial pressure pO 2 , Eh and pH of biopore walls, were measured. The analyses were carried out on undisturbed soil samples with different colonization history, excavated from a haplic Luvisol derived from loess. Soil resistance to penetration was determined simultaneously with D s /D O and pO 2 using a coupled, self-developed approach, and four matric potentials (namely, m = −1 kPa; −3 kPa; −6 kPa or −30 kPa) were considered. We hypothesized that physico-chemical soil parameters in biopore walls were altered due to differing influences on the soil aggregation. Aggregation was visualized with scanning electron microscopy, classified and used to explain differences in-soil properties. Plant roots and earthworms altered aggregation next to biopore surfaces in a contrasted way, either by enhancing aggregates diversity or homogenizing it. Roots led to the formation of subpolyeders while earthworms formed subplates. Pore functions of microaggregates were comparable to those of larger scale, and subpolyeders showed much more favorable soil properties in terms of soil aeration (Ds/Do, pO2). Replicates of all parameters scattered intensely and showed deviations up to several orders of magnitude in case of D s /D O underlining the large variability of soil properties in biopore walls.

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Section: R Ew Rewsupporting

confidence: 59%

Impact of Small-Scaled Differences in Micro-Aggregation on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Macroscopic Biopore Walls

Haas

Horn

2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Among different cover crops, radish had higher potential to penetrate through dense compacted layers compared to rapeseed and rye (Chen and Weil 2010). Perkons et al (2014) measured higher root length density of main crops such as wheat, barley and rapeseed in deep soil following a taproot species compared to a fibrous rooted pre-crop and related this to enhanced largesized biopores. Stirzaker et al (1996) mentioned the problem of root-soil contact for roots growing in large biopores.…”

Section: Organic Matter Inputmentioning

confidence: 96%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

431

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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“…This result is probably due to the action of the roots of the different plant species, which presented the same pattern of root development at 8.6 years of revegetation, that is, a larger mass, volume, specific surface area and root length concentrated in the layer of 0.00-0.10 m, as demonstrated by Stumpf et al (2016b). The aggressive root system of the species promoted the reorganization of the structure and network of soil pores, converging with the works of Perkons et al (2014) and Vezzani & Mielniczuk (2011).…”

Section: /7mentioning

confidence: 74%

Biological and physical quality of a mined soil under revegetation with perennial grasses

Stumpf

Pauletto

Pinto

et al. 2018

Agraria

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to evaluate a population of mites and springtails and a physical condition of a mined soil revegeted with different species of perennial grasses. The treatments evaluated were: Urochloa brizantha, Hemarthria altissima, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon and Spontaneous vegetation. For comparative effects a natural soil were used as reference. In 2014, 56 soil samples were collected in the 0.00-0.10 m layer for the determination of the population of mites and springtails, the physical attributes and the organic carbon content. The Hemarthria altissima was the most prominent plant species among perennial grasses, to date, providing an average density of mites and springtails very close to the natural soil. Among the physical attributes, bulk density showed the most sensitive variable the changes promoted by plant species, after 11 years of revegetation. Key words: edaphic mesofauna; organic carbon; physical attributesQualidade biológica e física de um solo minerado sob revegetação com gramíneas perenes RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a população de ácaros e de colêmbolos e a condição física de um solo minerado e revegetado com diferentes espécies de gramíneas perenes. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: a Urochloa brizantha, a Hemarthria altissima, o Paspalum notatum, o Cynodon dactylon e a vegetação espontânea. Para efeitos comparativos foi utilizado o solo natural como tratamento referência. Em 2014, oram coletadas 56 amostras de solo na camada de 0,00-0,10 m para a determinação da população de ácaros e colêmbolos, dos atributos físicos e do teor de carbono orgânico. A Hemarthria altíssima foi a espécie vegetal que mais se destacou entre as gramíneas perenes, até o presente momento, proporcionando uma densidade média de ácaros e colêmbolos muito próximos aos do solo natural. Entre os atributos físicos, a densidade do solo mostrou-se a variável mais sensível as alterações promovidas pelas espécies vegetais, decorridos 11 anos de revegetação. Palavras-chave: mesofauna edáfica; carbono orgânico; atributos físicosBiological and physical quality of a mined soil under revegetation with perennial grasses Rev. Bras.

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Root-length densities of various annual crops following crops with contrasting root systems

Cited by 106 publications

References 41 publications

Impact of Small-Scaled Differences in Micro-Aggregation on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Macroscopic Biopore Walls

Impact of Small-Scaled Differences in Micro-Aggregation on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Macroscopic Biopore Walls

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Biological and physical quality of a mined soil under revegetation with perennial grasses

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