Root and shoot traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and cultivars

Bektaş, Harun; Hohn, Christopher E.; Waines, J. G.

doi:10.1007/s10681-016-1770-7

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, the better yield performance in some cultivars was ascribed to greater allocation of photosynthates from vegetative organs to grains (higher harvest index) in high‐yielding compared with low‐yielding cultivars. Similar changes in the biomass allocation in modern wheat cultivars compared with old cultivars have been reported in other studies ( e.g ., Joudi et al., ; Bektas et al., ; Bektas and Waines , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

Zhang

2020

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where 15N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292−336 mg N g−1 roots or 3.2−4.0 mg N m−1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132−213 mg N g−1 roots or 0.93−1.6 mg N m−1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

Zhang

2020

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…In the mid‐20th century, the Green Revolution achieved simultaneous growth in population and food production (Khush, 2001; Pingali, 2012). Half a century later, the growth of the global population was sustained (Bektas, Hohn, & Waines, 2016), but the increase in grain production had slowed (Chen et al., 2014a; Grassini, Eskridge, & Cassman, 2013; Ray, Ramankutty, Mueller, West, & Foley, 2012, 2013). Approximately 45% of global arable land suffers from drought (Schimel, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐yield characteristics and root support of rain‐fed maize under film mulching

Liang

Yuan

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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Full ridge-furrow plastic film-mulching (FM) is an important drought-resistant and high-yield agricultural method employed in the Loess Plateau. The characteristics of FM, which are closely related to high-efficiency resource utilization and root-shoot coordination of crops, may serve as references for yield increases in a broad range of farmland types. However, few studies have investigated this topic. A 2-yr field study was conducted in the rain-fed arid farmland of the Loess Plateau experimental station to investigate the canopy development and root support of FM maize (Zea mays L.). Our results showed that FM not only accelerated canopy growth in the vegetative phase and prolonged the reproductive phase but also promoted N and biomass accumulation in leaves after flowering. The leaf N concentration and biomass in FM maize increased by 6.2-24.7% and 16.9-29.3%, respectively, during R1 (silking)-R3 (milk) stage compared with the control. However, although the total root biomass decreased, and less RL (root length) and root surface area were distributed in deep soil, FM reduced the decline rate of RL and surface area during the R1-R3 period by 20.5 and 15.2% in topsoil, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, FM significantly increased the root efficiency of leaf nitrogen (REN) absorption by 66.7-84.6% at the R1 stage and increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of grain yield by 20.3-69.4%.In conclusion, maize plants under FM had strengthened photosynthetic organs with high efficiency and long-lasting root support in a prolonged reproductive phase.Abbreviations: CK, control treatment; FM, full ridge−furrow with plastic film-mulching method; PT, planting time; R1, silking stage; R3, milk stage; R6, mature stage; REN, root efficiency for nitrogen absorption, that is, shoot nitrogen absorption per unit of root length; RL, root length; SR, shoot/root biomass ratio; SW, soil water content; V6, 6-leaf stage; WUE, water use efficiency.

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“…For instance, Ash et al (2017) found that durum wheat variety Strong field produced only about half of the root biomass of the wheat landrace Pelissier, at maturity in greenhouse trials under well-watered conditions. Bektas et al (2016) found that wheat landraces were superior for root biomass, shallow root weight, deep root weight, number of tillers and plant height compared to improved cultivars. Some Spanish barley landraces also outperformed modern cultivars under low site productions (Yahiaoui et al, 2014).…”

Section: Type Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Varietal substitution has led to reduction of germination-related traits like shoot, coleoptile and root length and seedling vigor in Iranian modern varieties, compared to landraces (Ramshini et al, 2016). Bektas et al (2016) found that shoot biomass, shallow and deep root weight, number of tillers per plant and plant height were significantly greater in landraces than in modern varieties. In several cases, winter cereal landraces have shown better performances than modern varieties, usually under challenging environmental conditions (Yahiaoui et al, 2014;Erice et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algerian durum wheat assessment for early drought tolerance shows landraces superiority

et al. 2019

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V IGOROUS seedling growth is important for good crop establishment, particularly under drought conditions. Our study was set out to identify useful traits and genotypes to enhance early drought tolerance of durum wheat. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, thirty-five genotypes (Landrace and improved) were tested in a phytotron at germination and early seedling stages, subjected to three osmotic stress levels induced by polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 (0, -3, -6 bar). The second experiment was conducted in the field, with 27 out of the 35 genotypes. Root and shoot traits were measured at seedling stage in both experiments. High PEG 6000 treatment decreased final germination percentage (FGP) by 2.7% and delayed the time to reach 50% germination (t50) by 2.9h. Shoot length was the trait most affected by drought (40% reduction) as compared with other root traits, which even increased under drought, like root to shoot length ratio, root to shoot weight ratio, root dry weight and root number. Coleoptile length (CL) showed a contrasting relationship with other traits, it was negatively correlated in general under no stress, but with positive correlations under stress. Based on drought susceptibility index (DSI), Algerian wheat landraces were the most tolerant compared to modern genotypes. Correlations between traits measured in field and controlled conditions were low. CL could be a potential trait for screening drought tolerant genotypes. Algerian wheat landraces presented a clearly distinct ability for early drought tolerance, and could be a good resource for breeding programs.

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Root and shoot traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and cultivars

Cited by 45 publications

References 44 publications

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

High‐yield characteristics and root support of rain‐fed maize under film mulching

Algerian durum wheat assessment for early drought tolerance shows landraces superiority

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