Room temperature ferromagnetism of Mn-doped SnO2 thin films fabricated by sol–gel method

High blocking temperature in SnO2 based super-paramagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor

“…As we all know, doping can improve the performance of SnO 2 . Many results have been reported on Fe [10][11], Co [12,13], Ni [14], Mn [15,16] -doped SnO 2 oxides. Coey et al [10] found ferromagnetism in Sn 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 2 thin film with moments ranging from 1.06 to 4.76µ B /Fe expected for Fe 3+ .…”

Microstructure and magnetic properties in Sn1−xFexO2 (x=0.01, 0.05, 0.10) nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method

“…As we all know, doping can improve the performance of SnO 2 nanostructures. Many results have been reported on Fe [10][11][12][13][14], Co [15,16], Ni [17], Mn [18,19] -doped SnO 2 oxides. In these papers, Coey et al [10] found ferromagnetism in Sn 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 2 thin film with moments ranging from 1.06 to 4.76 B /Fe expected for Fe 3+ .…”

Synthesis, characterization, and FTIR study on Sn1−xMnxO2 powders

“…One of them [16] attributes the appearance of FM to the exchange interaction between the TM ions substituting tin ions in host SnO 2 lattice that involve an electron trapped at an oxygen vacancy (F-center exchange). Another model is called the bound magnetic polaron (BMP) model [14]. Generally, it was confirmed that the appearance of FM is very sensitive to the procedure of sample preparation method and thus the crystalline structure and concentration of oxygen vacancies and defects [17].…”

“…The effect of doping of SnO 2 with different metallic ions was investigated for application in various purposes [9]. For example, it was doped with a few percent of 3d transition-metal (TM) ions in order to fabricate diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) of Curie temperature around room temperature (RT-FM) [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Thus, Mn-doped SnO 2 solid solution was investigated for FM applications.…”