Romano-British wall-paintings II: Raman spectroscopic analysis of two villa sites at Nether Heyford, Northants

Edwards, Howell G. M.; Middleton, Paul; Villar, Susana E. Jorge; Faria, Dalva Lúcia Araújo de

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00333-7

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Carbon materials, of mineral, vegetable or animal origin, composed ideally of pure carbon, were largely employed during prehistory [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and were never abandoned by artists and artisans. [9] Carbon-based materials are suitable for both dry and liquid drawing (in the form of graphite, charcoal sticks, black chalk, pastels and inks, respectively [1] ) and have been used as pigments for paintings, [2,5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] for polychrome objects [9,19] and for pottery. [8,20] The continuity of use through time and the worldwide distribution of this kind of materials require the establishment of a welldefined terminology that could be easily used for archaeometrical applications, but that keeps into account the major contributions of geological and industrial research to the study of carbon-based materials, along with the information from artistic literature (treatises [1,21,22] ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of carbon‐based black pigments

Coccato

Jehlička

Moëns

et al. 2015

J Raman Spectroscopy

180

136

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a Raman spectroscopic studies of carbonaceous materials are, until now, mainly devoted to geological and industrial materials. On the other hand, it is known from artistic literature that many varieties of carbon-based black pigments were produced and used in different places and times, and according to the artist's preferences. The ability of Raman spectroscopy to analyse particles down to 1 μm and its non-destructiveness make it an ideal tool for pigments investigation. Anyway, the discrimination among different types of carbon-based black pigments is affected by various aspects, one of which is the lack of reference spectra as well as of specific nomenclature. In this paper, reference materials have been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy to provide reference spectra. All the pigments showed two broad bands of carbon, but sometimes specific excitation conditions were required to record a good quality Raman spectrum. The obtained Raman signatures are discussed, on the basis of the specificities of the pigment (natural or artificial origin; structural implications related to the raw materials used or to production processes; etc.). Therefore, on the basis of the Raman spectra of painting materials, further knowledge can be obtained on the type of carbon-based black pigments in works of art.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of carbon‐based black pigments

Coccato

Jehlička

Moëns

et al. 2015

J Raman Spectroscopy

180

136

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“…3 For these reasons, the prevailing view is that the presence of anatase as a white pigment on archaeological artefacts or early paintings should be regarded as a clear-cut indicator of modern intervention in some form or another. 4 As part of a programme to investigate the procurement of paint pigments and other raw materials in Roman Britain, 5,6 Raman spectroscopy has been used to identify pigments on several samples of ceramic vessels which appear to have been used as paint pots. Surprisingly, evidence has been found for the presence of anatase in the white pigment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of anatase in archaeological materials by Raman spectroscopy: implications and interpretation

Middleton

Edwards

Middleton

et al. 2005

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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Analysis of a sample of white paint from a ceramic pot of Roman date, using FT-Raman spectroscopy indicated that a component of the white paint was anatase. This suggested that the presence of anatase, usually regarded as an indicator of modern (early twentieth century or later) intervention, could extend back at least two thousand years. Further examination of the sample, using scanning electron microscopy, chemical analysis using an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser, X-ray diffraction and microRaman spectroscopy, has confirmed the presence of anatase in small proportions (approximately 1.5%). An explanation for the initial observations relating to the sensitivity of anatase detection in Raman analysis is explored.

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“…The structure suggests a practice of smoothing the coarse undulations of the basal wall material with coarse stucco and then creating a smooth painting surface with a finer more highly ground material. This is a similar practice to that employed by the Romans and later Europeans (Damiani et al, 2003;Edwards et al, 2002Edwards et al, , 2003b.…”

Section: Visual Microscopymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Both the white and grey angular particles and the fine matrix material gave spectra with bands at 1085, 712 and 283 cm À1 , indicative of calcium carbonate, calcite polymorph. FT-Raman spectra of the stucco matrix contained a broad feature at about 770 cm À1 assigned to hydrated calcium oxide/hydroxide (Edwards et al, 2003b). The reaction of slaked lime with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere forms calcium carbonate in the stucco.…”

Section: Stucco Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it has been used to identify pigments on rock art (Edwards et al, 1999;Mortimore et al, 2004), frescos (Bikiaris et al, 1999;Edwards et al, 2002Edwards et al, , 2003b and painted pottery (de Waal, 2004), little work has been focused on Maya stucco and pigments. Some early petrographic and X-ray diffraction analysis determined the composition of the stucco and mortar for different Maya sites (Hansen et al, 1997;Huenda-Tanabe et al, 2004;Littmann, 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman microprobe analysis of stucco samples from the buildings of Maya Classic Copan

Goodall

Hall

Edwards

et al. 2007

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been applied to painted stucco samples from three buildings at the Maya site of Copan, Honduras. The buildings, Clavel (AD 450e550), Ani (AD550e650) and Structure 10L-22 (AD730,) date from three phases of the Classic Period (AD400e820) acropolis construction. The red pigment has been identified as haematite and the stucco as a mixture of calcite particles dispersed throughout a calcite based lime wash stucco. The physical structure of the stucco changed through time, indicating a refining of production techniques over this period. By combining Micro-Raman spectroscopy with other micro-ATR infrared spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy a detailed investigation of the materials and production techniques used to decorate these buildings has been made. Differences in the mineralogy of the red pigment used on each building indicate a different geological pigment source for each period.

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Romano-British wall-paintings II: Raman spectroscopic analysis of two villa sites at Nether Heyford, Northants

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of carbon‐based black pigments

Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of carbon‐based black pigments

Identification of anatase in archaeological materials by Raman spectroscopy: implications and interpretation

Raman microprobe analysis of stucco samples from the buildings of Maya Classic Copan

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