Rolling contact fatigue behaviour of heat resistant bearing steels at high operational temperatures

Böhmer, Hans-Jürgen; Hirsch, Thomas; Streit, Edgar

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4052(199909)30:9<533::aid-mawe533>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Weibull lifetime distribution is suitable for machine elements. The established mechanical engineering approach to RCF deals with stress field analyses on the basis, for instance, of tensor invariants or mean values (Böhmer et al, 1999;Desimone et al, 2006). On the microscopic level, however, the material experiences strain development when exposed to cyclic loading, which suggests a quantitative evaluation of the changes in XRD peak width during operation (Nierlich et al, 1992).…”

Section: Evaluation Methodology Of Xrd Materials Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The XRD material response analysis of rolling bearings is experimentally and methodologically most highly evolved. A quantitative evaluation of the changes in the residual stress distribution is proposed in the literature, for instance by integrating the depth profile to compute a characteristic deformation number (Böhmer et al, 1999). In the research reported in this chapter, however, the alternative XRD peak width based conception is used.…”

Section: Materials Based Bearing Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribological Aspects of Rolling Bearing Failures

Gegner¹

2011

Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication

120

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Introduction Rolling (element) bearings are referred to as anti-friction bearings due to the low friction and hence only slight energy loss they cause in service, especially compared to sliding or friction bearings. The minor wear occurring in proper operation superficially seems to suggest the question how rolling contact tribology should be of relevance to bearing failures. Satisfactorily proven throughout the 20 th century primarily on small highly loaded ball bearings, the life prediction is actually based on material fatigue theories. Nonetheless, resulting subsurface spalling is usually called fatigue wear and therefore included in the discussion below. The influence of friction on the damage of rolling bearings, at first, is strikingly reflected, for instance, in foreign particle abrasion and smearing adhesion wear under improper running or lubrication conditions. On far less affected, visually intact raceways, however, temporary frictional forces can also initiate failure for common overall friction coefficients below 0.1. Larger size roller bearings with extended line contacts operating typically at low to moderate Hertzian pressure, generally speaking, are most susceptible to this surface loading. As large roller bearings are increasingly applied in the 21 st century, e.g. in industrial gears, an attempt is made in the following to incorporate the rolling-sliding nature of the tribological contact into an extended bearing life model. By holding the established assumption that the stage of crack initiation still dominates the total lifetime, the consideration of the proposed competing normal stress hypothesis is deemed appropriate. The present chapter opens with a general introduction of the subsurface and (near-) surface failure mode of rolling bearings. Due to its particular importance to the identification of the damage mechanisms, the measuring procedure and the evaluation method of the material response analysis, which is based on an X-ray diffraction residual stress determination, are described in detail. In section 4, a metal physics model of classical subsurface rolling contact fatigue is outlined. Recent experimental findings are reported that support this mechanistic approach. The accelerating effect of absorbed hydrogen on rolling contact fatigue is also in agreement with the new model and verified by applying tools of material response analysis. It uncovers a remarkable impact of serious high-frequency electric current passage through bearings in operation, previously unnoticed in the literature. Section 5 provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on mechanical and chemical damage mechanisms by tribological www.intechopen.com Tribology -Lubricants and Lubrication 34 stressing in rolling-sliding contact. The combined action of mixed friction and corrosion in the complex loading regime is demonstrated. Mechanical vibrations in bearing service, e.g. from adjacent machines, increase sliding in the contact area. Typical depth distributions of residual stress and X-ray diffraction peak wid...

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Section: Evaluation Methodology Of Xrd Materials Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Based Bearing Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Aspects of Rolling Bearing Failures

Gegner¹

2011

Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication

120

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“…However, heat treatments can be designed so that the proeutectoid cementite need not be present in the final microstructure. 55 Indeed, carbide-free structures are now being investigated for low alloy bearing steels; 51,55 more expensive steels containing a large solute content, such as the Cronidur 30, 56,57 are already available for specialist aerospace applications, with a low carbon concentration that avoids carbides that are undissolved at the austenitisation temperature.…”

Section: Hypothesis and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Assessment 13: Elimination of white etching matter in bearing steels

Bhadeshia

Solano-Alvarez

2015

Materials Science and Technology

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One form of damage due to rolling contact fatigue is the formation of localised regions of extremely hard material forming within the body of a bearing. These regions have a relatively homogeneous structure and hence etch mildly with respect to the surrounding unaffected matrix. They, therefore, appear white in a darker background when examined using optical microscopy. We assess here the cause of this damage and propose solutions that are backed by evidence that already is available. The issue is important because of the spate of unexpected failures in large wind turbine bearings and of generic importance in determining the life of more well behaved bearing applications.

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“…25 dienen[28]. Es erlangt besondere Aktualitat aufgrund des heutigen ausgepragten Trends zu gesteigerten Betriebstemperaturen in der Antriebstechnik.…”

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Wälzverschleiß und ‐ermüdung von Bauteilen und Maßnahmen zu ihrer Einschränkung

Böhmer¹

1998

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Walzbeanspruchte Teile, wie Zahnrlder und Walzlager, unterliegen ganz charakteristischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie in anderen technischen Anwendungen nicht vorkommen. Diese besonderen Bedingungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Beanspruchungsverhaltnisse und das Werkstoffverhalten werden ausfuhrlich beschrieben. Vor allem Ingenieuren, die weniger mit dem Thernenkomplex Walzerrniidung und -verschleil3 vertraut sind, sol1 eine ubersichtliche und gestraffte Einfuhrung in dieses Gebiet gegeben werden. Hierzu werden die wichtigsten EinfluRgroRen auf das Verhalten walzbeanspruchter Bauteile, der Ablauf einer eventuellen Schadensinitiierung und die Erscheinungsbilder verschiedener Ausfallsursachen dargestellt. An Beispielen wird gezeigt, wie sich aus der Analyse der Schadigungsablaufe Abhilfemarjnahmen herleiten lassen. Die Literaturhinweise sind so gewahlt, darj sich der interessierte Leser in die einzelnen Themengebiete selbstandig weiter vertiefen kann.Machine parts subjected to rolling contact fatigue, i.e. gears or rolling element bearings, are exposed to a very particular stressing condition. No comparable condition will occur for other technical applications. These typical conditions and their effects on the material behaviour are described comprehensively. An introductional overview for this area of technical knowledge is given, in particular for engineers not so much experienced with respect to this matter. The most important phenomena influencing the behaviour of parts subjected to rolling contact fatigue are presented as well as the physics of damage initiation and the appearance of damaged parts. It is demonstrated exemplarily, how the analysis of the damaging processes can be used to take counter measures. The referencing to the public literature has been done in a way to enable the reader to easily find material for a further improvement of his knowledge for particular items.

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Rolling contact fatigue behaviour of heat resistant bearing steels at high operational temperatures

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Tribological Aspects of Rolling Bearing Failures

Tribological Aspects of Rolling Bearing Failures

Critical Assessment 13: Elimination of white etching matter in bearing steels

Wälzverschleiß und ‐ermüdung von Bauteilen und Maßnahmen zu ihrer Einschränkung

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