Roll-to-roll 3D printing of flexible and transparent all-solid-state supercapacitors

Flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors for the internet of everything (IoE)

“…12(d). 186 Since the process used a transparent dialysis membrane, it was able to provide flexible and transparent FSHSCs. The fabricated FSHSCs indicated a high specific capacitance of 363 mF g −1 with high optical transmittance of ∼80%.…”

Fabrication Technologies of Flexible Transparent Electrodes for Supercapacitors: Recent Advances and Perspectives

“…By linear fitting between T −0.5 −1 and C A , the value of C V /𝜎 op can be calculated by Equation (10). [73] C V can be further calculated by Equation ( 11). [73] T =…”

“…By linear fitting between T −0.5 −1 and C A , the value of C V / σ op can be calculated by Equation (10). [ 73 ] C V can be further calculated by Equation (11). [ 73 ] $$$$\begin{equation}T = {\left( {1 + \frac{{188.5{\sigma }_{{\mathrm{op}}}}}{{{C}_{\mathrm{V}}}}{C}_{\mathrm{A}}} \right)}^{ - 2}\end{equation}$$$$ $$$$\begin{equation}{T}^{ - {\mathrm{0}}{\mathrm{.5}}} - {\mathrm{1\ = \ 188}}{\mathrm{.5}}\frac{{{\sigma }_{{\mathrm{op}}}}}{{{C}_{\mathrm{V}}}}{C}_{\mathrm{A}}\end{equation}$$$$ $$$$\begin{equation}C{\mathrm{V\ = \ FoMc\ \times \ }}\sigma {\mathrm{op}}\end{equation}$$$$where C V / σ op equals FoMc (F S −1 cm −2 ), C V is volume capacitance (F cm −3 ).…”

All‐Direct‐Ink‐Writing of Artistic Supercapacitors: Toward On‐Demand Embodied Power Sources

“…[6,7] Among various 3D printing techniques, direct-ink-writing (DIW), which is capable of depositing various materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, [8,9] has been used to fabricate power sources with shape diversity such as lithium (Li)-ion batteries, [10][11][12][13] Li-metal batteries, [14][15][16] Li-CO 2 batteries, [17] and supercapacitors (SCs). [18][19][20][21][22] In order to manufacture these power sources, their electrode inks [10,18,[23][24][25] should be elaborately designed to afford the well-tuned viscoelasticity required for DIW printing. In addition, typical liquid electrolytes are not suitable for DIW printing because of their Newtonian fluid behavior.…”

“…[26][27][28][29] However, most electrolyte inks cannot successfully infiltrate the interstitial voids between the DIW-printed adjacent electrode layers, thus making it difficult to form percolated ion-conducting pathways. [30] In addition to the electrodes and electrolytes, other cell components [21,[31][32][33][34] such as current collectors and packaging should be fabricated through DIW printing, in order to enable the versatile utilization of the resulting power sources.…”