Roll Press Briquetting and Pelleting of Corn Stover and Switchgrass

Kaliyan, Nalladurai; Morey, R. Vance; White, Michael D.; Doering, A.

doi:10.13031/2013.26812

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…A study by Iowa State University (Ames, IA, USA) during the 2009 and 2010 harvest seasons produced baled corn stover wet bulk densities of 207 kg/m 3 (156 kg/m 3 dry bulk density) [6] with low energy requirements. Baling increases bulk density over loose stover and is more energy efficient than grinding operations [7], but requires an additional unit handling operation each time the bales are moved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These operations apply extreme pressure and, in many cases, heat to compress materials into a self-retaining shape. A study using an instrumented testing machine yielded corn stover particle densities of 1220 kg/m 3 [4], and ring-die pellet mill tests produced bulk densities of 550 to 610 kg/m 3 [7]. While these systems offer greater density compared to baling and grinding systems, they require high energy inputs to complete [4,7] and are not feasible to accomplish in the field because they require sub-millimeter particle sizes to complete the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous literature regarding biomass densification [4,7,9] suggests briquette densification characteristics are highly sensitive to compression pressure, material moisture content, and material particle size. In order to study the effects of these densification process variables, a customized bench-scale densification system was designed to evaluate different corn stover inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Process Variables in the Densification of Corn Stover Briquettes

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The bulk density of raw corn stover is a major limitation to its large-scale viability as a biomass feedstock. Raw corn stover has a bulk density of 50 kg/m 3 , which creates significant transportation costs and limits the optimization of transport logistics. Producing a densified corn stover product during harvest would reduce harvest and transportation costs, resulting in viable pathways for the use of corn stover as a biomass feedstock. This research investigated the effect of different process variables (compression pressure, moisture content, particle size, and material composition) on a densification method that produces briquettes from raw corn stover. A customized bench-scale densification system was designed to evaluate different corn stover inputs. Quality briquette production was possible using non-reduced particle sizes and low compression pressures achievable in a continuous in-field production system. At optimized bench settings, corn stover was densified to a dry bulk density of 190 kg/m 3 . Corn stover with a moisture content above 25% wb was not suitable for this method of bulk densification, and greater cob content had a positive effect on product quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Process Variables in the Densification of Corn Stover Briquettes

et al. 2014

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“…Combustion of the formed gases, in a boiler or engine, can be used to produce heat and electricity. Alternatively these gases, primarily hydrogen or methane, can be used as the starting material to produce liquid fuels or chemicals (Huber and Dale, 2009) Although raw biomass may be combusted at an industrial heat and power scale, this is logistically challenging, so the material is dried and densified into pellets to allow for improved combustion efficiency, handling, transport, and storage (Kaliyan and Morey, 2009a;Kaliyan and Morey, 2009b). Densification can increase the bulk density of unprocessed biomass material from 40-200 kg/m 3 to a final bulk density of 600-800 kg/m 3 through compaction that removes inter-and intra-particle voids (Balatinecsz, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Densification can increase the bulk density of unprocessed biomass material from 40-200 kg/m 3 to a final bulk density of 600-800 kg/m 3 through compaction that removes inter-and intra-particle voids (Balatinecsz, 1983). Additionally, the densified biomass can be formed into a consistent shape that is easier to meter into combustion processes (Kaliyan and Morey, 2009b). Wood is the traditional feedstock used in biomass to energy projects due to its low ash content, as compared to grasses, and its ability to form into high durability pellets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllostachys bissetii Bamboo as a Solid Fuel Feedstock

Runge

Paul²

2014

AJBB

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Bamboo is one of the world's fastest growing plants making it a promising energy crop. Due to its size and harvest seasons, bamboo has similar logistics as woody resources. Additionally, recent advances in micropropagation may allow significantly lower plantation establishment costs, allowing for the expansion of feedstock production. To investigate the potential of this feedstock for solid fuel, Phyllostachys bissetii bamboo culms were obtained and processed into solid fuel pellets at a pilot scale. The experiments indicated that high quality pellets were able to be produced under similar operating conditions as wood pellets. Additionally proximate, ultimate, and elemental ash tests were performed on the pellets which indicated that P. bissetii should perform similarly to wood solid fuels in boiler operations. From these results we concluded that P. bissetii bamboo has significant potential as a biomass feedstock source for thermal conversion.

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A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application

Tumuluru

Wright

Hess

et al. 2011

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

583

455

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Developing uniformly formatted, densifi ed feedstock from lignocellulosic biomass is of interest to achieve consistent physical properties such as size and shape, bulk and unit density, and durability, which signifi cantly infl uence storage, transportation and handling characteristics, and, by extension, feedstock cost and quality. A variety of densifi cation systems are considered for producing a uniform format feedstock commodity for bioenergy applications, including (i) pellet mill, (ii) cuber, (iii) screw extruder, (iv) briquette press, (v) roller press, (vi) tablet press, and (vii) agglomerator. Each of these systems has varying impacts on feedstock chemical and physical properties, and energy consumption. This review discusses the suitability of these densifi cation systems for biomass feedstocks and the impact these systems have on specifi c energy consumption and end-product quality. For example, a briquette press is more fl exible in terms of feedstock variables where higher moisture content and larger particles are acceptable for making good quality briquettes; or among different densifi cation systems, a screw press consumes the most energy because it not only compresses but also shears and mixes the material. Pre-treatment options like pre-heating, grinding, steam explosion, torrefaction, and ammonia fi ber explosion (AFEX) can also help to reduce specifi c energy consumption during densifi cation and improve binding characteristics. Binding behavior can also be improved by adding natural binders, such as proteins, or commercial binders, such as lignosulfonates. The quality of the densifi ed biomass for both domestic and international markets is evaluated using PFI (United States standard) or A variety of approaches is discussed for understanding the role of densifi cation in development of advanced uniform feedstocks for bioenergy applications, including (i) mechanisms of particle bonding during densifi cation, (ii) diff erent densifi cation systems such as pellet mill, briquette press, cuber, tablet press, roller press, screw extruder and agglomerator, (iii) specifi c energy consumption of diff erent densification systems, (iv) eff ects of densifi cation process variables on quality of the densifi ed products and (v) eff ects of pretreatments, such as grinding, pre-heating, steam explosion, torrefaction, and ammonia fi ber explosion (AFEX process) on densifi cation process. Finally, advantages of particular systems are discussed in relationship to bioenergy applications and recommendations are made for future studies. Mechanisms of bonding of particles during densifi cationTh e quality of densifi ed biomass depends on strength and durability of the particle bonds, which are infl uenced by a number of process variables, like die diameter, die temperature, pressure, binders, and pre-heating of the biomass mix. Tabil 11 and Tabil and Sokhansanj 12,13 suggested that the compaction of biomass during pelletization can be attributed to elastic and plastic deformation of the particles at higher ...

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Roll Press Briquetting and Pelleting of Corn Stover and Switchgrass

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of Process Variables in the Densification of Corn Stover Briquettes

Investigation of Process Variables in the Densification of Corn Stover Briquettes

Phyllostachys bissetii Bamboo as a Solid Fuel Feedstock

A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application

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