Roles of Wind‐Driven Currents and Surface Waves in Sediment Resuspension and Transport During a Tropical Storm

Xie, Xiang; Li, Ming; Ni, Wenfei

doi:10.1029/2018jc014104

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Hurricane Irene passed near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 27–28 August 2011 and brought storm surge and inland flooding from heavy rain (Avila & Stewart, 2013). In addition to flooding, the storm had other impacts including increased oyster mortality due to reduced salinity in nearby Delaware Bay (Munroe et al, 2013) and increased turbidity in Chesapeake Bay (Palinkas et al, 2014; Xie et al, 2018). The storm also significantly cooled the surface water in Chesapeake Bay (Figure 9a) and aerated the bottom water (Figure 9b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estuarine Forecasts at Daily Weather to Subseasonal Time Scales

Ross

Stock

Dixon

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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Most present forecast systems for estuaries predict conditions for only a few days into the future. However, there are many reasons to expect that skillful estuarine forecasts are possible for longer time periods, including increasingly skillful extended atmospheric forecasts, the potential for lasting impacts of atmospheric forcing on estuarine conditions, and the predictability of tidal cycles. In this study, we test whether skillful estuarine forecasts are possible for up to 35 days into the future by combining an estuarine model of Chesapeake Bay with 35-day atmospheric forecasts from an operational weather model. When compared with both a hindcast simulation from the same estuarine model and with observations, the estuarine forecasts for surface water temperature are skillful up to about 2 weeks into the future, and the forecasts for bottom temperature, surface and bottom salinity, and density stratification are skillful for all or the majority of the forecast period. Bottom oxygen forecasts are skillful when compared to the model hindcast, but not when compared with observations. We also find that skill for all variables in the estuary can be improved by taking the mean of multiple estuarine forecasts driven by an ensemble of atmospheric forecasts. Finally, we examine the forecasts in detail using two case studies of extreme events, and we discuss opportunities for improving the forecast skill. Plain Language Summary This paper evaluates a suite of forecasts for Chesapeake Bay water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen created using a numerical model. By comparing the model forecasts with observations, we show that the model forecasts for temperature and salinity are more accurate than reference forecasts of previously observed conditions or the long-term mean; in other words, the forecasts are skillful. In general, the forecasts are skillful for at least 2 weeks into the future. Improvements to our forecasting system, such as predicting future river discharge into Chesapeake Bay, would likely improve the forecast skill even more. By showing that accurate, skillful forecasts are possible for a much longer time frame than previously considered, this paper takes an important step toward applying forecasts to improve water quality and fisheries management and to prepare for the impacts of extreme events like hurricanes and heat waves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estuarine Forecasts at Daily Weather to Subseasonal Time Scales

Ross

Stock

Dixon

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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“…Without considering the trapping effect by the SAV beds, we conducted a model simulation on the transport of CaCO 3 particles in 2016 using a sediment module incorporated into the Regional Ocean Modeling System 81 . Particles with three different sizes (that is, 2, 8 and 20 μm) and settling velocities were released at all water depth (20 layers) on the Susquehanna Flats on 31 May 2016 at 00:00.…”

Section: Evolution Of Dic Ta Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chesapeake Bay acidification buffered by spatially decoupled carbonate mineral cycling

Cai

Brodeur

et al. 2020

Nat. Geosci.

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ince the industrial revolution, the global ocean has absorbed approximately 30% of the anthropogenic CO 2 emissions from the atmosphere, lowering the average surface ocean water pH by 0.1 units and aragonite carbonate mineral saturation state (Ω arag ) by 0.5 units. This process, known as ocean acidification 1,2 , is harmful to some marine organisms and ecosystems 3 . In coastal waters, acidification is enhanced by eutrophication and the subsequent hypoxia and anoxia via the accumulation of CO 2 and acids below the pycnocline 4,5 . Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) mineral dissolution can increase the total alkalinity (TA) of water, and is proposed as a buffer to neutralize anthropogenic CO 2 uptake 6,7 . Recent studies have shown that CaCO 3 dissolution can offset a notable proportion of the metabolic CO 2 and increase survivorship of juvenile bivalves, thus providing a substantial negative feedback to coastal acidification 8,9 .However, very few studies have linked CaCO 3 dissolution to the timing and location of its formation in coastal waters 10,11 as a corollary to the ocean's carbonate counter pump 11 . These dynamic links are essential to understand given their capacity to mediate aquatic pH and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations 8,12 . In coastal waters, CaCO 3 can be formed via abiotic precipitation or biotic production, which are usually associated with coral reefs, calcareous algae 13 , molluscs 14 , bacteria 15 , fish 16 and aquatic plants 17 . Recently, seagrass meadows have been shown to be major sites for CaCO 3 accumulation and storage in high-salinity waters in equatorial and subtropical regions 18 . In addition to calcification from the seagrass-calcifying algae, infauna and epibiont community, the seagrass Thalassia testudinum

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“…In a coupled bay‐shelf system, the open ocean is connected through a strait or channel with a shallow semi‐enclosed embayment where rivers usually deliver large volumes of freshwater and terrigenous sediments. Examples such as the Chesapeake Bay and Massachusetts Bay illustrate that sediment transport processes in these systems exhibit complicated behavior in response to wind‐induced remote and local impacts (Warner et al, 2008; Xie et al, 2018). The high coherence between local wind speed, significant wave height, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in shallow bays indicate the overwhelming importance of storms in sediment resuspension (Nowacki & Ganju, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Winter Storms on Sediment Transport Through a Narrow Strait, Bohai, China

et al. 2020

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The Yellow River is one of the most significant sources of terrestrial sediment to the global seas, and the Bohai Strait is the only pathway that delivers Yellow River‐derived sediments from the shallow Bohai Sea to the Yellow Sea. To investigate sediment transport processes through the strait under the influence of storms (strong northerly winds) that frequently occur in winter, we deployed two sets of observing platforms equipped with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) and a suite of other sensors in the strait in January 2018. Aided by a system of high‐resolution models, we reconstructed sediment dynamics in response to the strong northerly wind of a winter storm. Model results show that the instantaneous suspended sediment flux (SSF) is highly aligned with tidal currents, while the net sediment flux has a clear dependence on variations in exchange flow and sediment resuspension. Enhanced coastal currents, intensified wave motions, and higher suspended sediment concentrations indicate that the through‐strait sediment flux during outflows is greater than during inflow conditions. Such SSF asymmetries are believed responsible for the net sediment export through the Bohai Strait in wintertime. Diagnostic analyses provided insights into the dynamic mechanisms of exchange flow variations influenced by both the strong northerly winds and the wind‐triggered coastal trapped waves in the shallow, narrow strait via geostrophic effects. This study highlights the importance of storm‐induced horizontal exchange processes in a coupled bay‐shelf system.

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Roles of Wind‐Driven Currents and Surface Waves in Sediment Resuspension and Transport During a Tropical Storm

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Estuarine Forecasts at Daily Weather to Subseasonal Time Scales

Estuarine Forecasts at Daily Weather to Subseasonal Time Scales

Chesapeake Bay acidification buffered by spatially decoupled carbonate mineral cycling

The Impact of Winter Storms on Sediment Transport Through a Narrow Strait, Bohai, China

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