Roles of the antioxidant properties of icariin and its phosphorylated derivative in the protection against duck virus hepatitis

Abstract

BackgroundDuck viral hepatitis (DVH) is an acute disease of young ducklings with few convenient and effective veterinary drugs to treat. In pathology, present study mainly focused on the immune mechanism, but very few studies have concerned with the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DVH. To study the antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of icariin and its phosphorylated derivative against DVH, we prepared phosphorylated icariin (p-icariin) using the sodium trimetaphosphate–sodium tripolyphosphate method. Ducklings were drunk with icariin and p-icariin after being challenged with duck hepatitis virus 1 (DHV-1). We recorded the number of dead ducklings, gross pathological changes in the liver, and changes in indices of oxidative stress and liver injury. The correlations between these indices were also analyzed.ResultsExposure to DHV-1 induced significant oxidative damage in ducklings. Administration of icariin or p-icariin attenuated liver pathological injury and significantly increased the survival rate, with better outcomes in ducklings treated with p-icariin than in those treated with icariin. Icariin and p-icariin also attenuated the changes in oxidative stress and liver injury. We found positive correlations among indices of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and inducible nitric oxide synthase) and liver injury (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase), suggesting that DHV-1 causes significant oxidative damage, which is related to the extent of hepatic injury.ConclusionsIcariin and p-icariin improved the survival and attenuated oxidative stress and liver dysfunction induced by DHV-1. These outcomes were better in ducklings treated with p-icariin than in those treated by icariin. The clinical effects of both components were related to their antioxidant activities.

Comparison of the anti-duck hepatitis A virus activities of phosphorylated and sulfated Astragalus polysaccharides

“…13 And the phosphorylated icariin which is modified by icariin with the STMP-STPP method could improves the survival rate of ducklings infected with DHAV by 10% compared with nonphosphorylated icariin. 12 In vitro, the maximum safe concentration of pAPS (31.250 mg/mL À1 ) was higher than that of sAPS (7.813 mg/mL À1 ), which indicated that the phosphorylation modification method was less toxic than sulfation modification ( Table 1). The effective concentration range of antiviral activities of pAPS was wider than those of APS and sAPS.…”

“…15 pAPS was prepared with the STMP-STPP method. 12 In brief, APS was dissolved in distilled water, and STMP and STPP were combined at a ratio of 5:2, then two solutions mentioned above were combined, and the reaction was performed in a 70 C water bath kettle for 4 h. The product was dialyzed and lyophilized to obtain pAPS. The pAPS content was 99.06%, which was calculated as the sum of the polysaccharide content as determined with the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the phosphate content as determined with the ascorbic acid method.…”

“…While the phosphorylation modification method discovered by Xiong et al 12 is easy to maintain, less labor, and is environmentally friendly. Besides, phosphorylated icariin can improve the survival rate of the ducklings infected with DHAV and exhibits a better curative effect than icariin.…”

Icariin Improves Sepsis-Induced Mortality and Acute Kidney Injury

“…The antioxidant defense system acts to protect against lipid peroxidation [43]. The main antioxidant enzymes in this system are SOD, GSHPx, and catalase, which act synergistically to protect cells from oxidative stress [44]. A previous study reported that treatment of cisplatin-treated mice with ICA alleviates the disturbed renal oxidant status [21].…”

Icariin promotes mouse hair follicle growth by increasing insulin-like growth factor 1 expression in dermal papillary cells

“…However, there is no direct evidence that the most abundant and primary active constituent of Epimedium Herba, icariin, has the potential to affect hair growth. Icariin has demonstrated extensive pharmacological activities, including anti‐angiogenesis, anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunoprotective activity . Moreover, icariin has been identified as being involved in the regulation of multiple genes .…”