Roles of Small-Molecule Compounds in Plant Adventitious Root Development

Abstract

Adventitious root (AR) is a kind of later root, which derives from stems and leaf petioles of plants. Many different kinds of small signaling molecules can transmit information between cells of multicellular organisms. It has been found that small molecules can be involved in many growth and development processes of plants, including stomatal movement, flowering, fruit ripening and developing, and AR formation. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the functions and mechanisms of small signaling molecules in the adventitious rooting process. These compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen gas (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), ethylene (ETH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be involved in the induction of AR formation or development. This review also sums the crosstalk between these compounds. Besides, those signaling molecules can regulate the expressions of some genes during AR development, including cell division genes, auxin-related genes, and adventitious rooting-related genes. We conclude that these small-molecule compounds enhance adventitious rooting by regulating antioxidant, water balance, and photosynthetic systems as well as affecting transportation and distribution of auxin, and these compounds further conduct positive effects on horticultural plants under environmental stresses. Hence, the effect of these molecules in plant AR formation and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural study now and in the future.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog genes in six Rosaceae species and an analysis of their effects on adventitious rooting in apple

“…In addition, various small-molecule compounds such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen gas (H 2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), methane (CH 4 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), are also involved in adventitious root formation and development [17]. According to the present evidence, H 2 O 2 mainly acts to stimulate adventitious root formation.…”

“…In this study, 44 putative RBOH genes were identified from six horticultural Rosaceae species; their numbers ranged from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 10 in the Rosaceae genomes (Table 1). Among the RBOHs surveyed in a wider group of plants, the maximum number was found in the soybean genome (17), while the minimum number was found in sweet cherry (4). A comparison of RBOH numbers in 18 species (Fig 1A) indicated that the expansion of the RBOH gene family was not associated with an increase in the total number of predicted genes in a genome.…”

Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Adventitious Root Development in Cucumber under Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Ability

“…The formation of adventitious roots can expand plant root systems and give plants and cells the ability of regeneration. Study has shown that traditional plant hormones and small gaseous molecules, as signal molecules, participate in adventitious rooting [ 3 ]. Therefore, in-depth study of adventitious roots will help us to clarify the mechanism of plant growth and development.…”

Brassinosteroids in Plants: Crosstalk with Small-Molecule Compounds

“…Some recent reviews have summarized the roles of steroidal phytohormone BRs in plants, which were mainly involved in the discovery of BRs and hormonal interactions in plant development and stress adaptation [ 8 , 22 ]. The roles of SMCs in adventitious rooting have also been reviewed [ 23 ]. However, the crosstalk between BRs and SMCs in plant growth and stress responses remains to be explored and reviewed.…”