Roles of resolvins in the resolution of acute inflammation

Abstract

Resolution is an active process that terminates inflammatory response to maintain health. Acute inflammation and its timely resolution are important in host response to danger signals. Unresolved inflammation is associated with widely recurrent diseases. Resolvins, including the D and E series, are endogenous lipid mediators generated during the resolution phase of acute of inflammation from the ω-3 PUFAs, DHA, and EPA. They have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties that have been determined in many inflammation studies in animal models. In this review, we provide an updated overview of biosynthesis, actions, and signaling pathways of resolvins, thereby underscoring their diverse protective roles and introducing novel therapeutic strategies for inflammation-associated diseases.

Resolvin E1 Improves Mitochondrial Function in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells during Severe Inflammation

“…The anti‐inflammatory and proresolving effects of the EPA‐derived RvE1 have been investigated in several experimental models thus far (Arita et al, ; Hecker et al, ; Keyes et al, ; Seki et al, ). RvE1 exerts its effects by various mechanisms including (1) counter‐regulatory influence on leukocyte functions, (2) phagocytic clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, (3) phenotypic switching of macrophages, and (4) modulation of trafficking and proinflammatory mediator release (Colgan, ; Qu et al, ; Uddin and Levy, ). Intracellular signaling mechanisms for resolvins mainly involve interference with the transcription factor NF‐κB, the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K), and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are also pivotal signal transduction pathways in the pathogenesis of sepsis (Galley, ; Uddin and Levy, ).…”

Omega-3 fatty acids and adipose tissue function in obesity and metabolic syndrome

“…These novel bioactive compounds exert potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive actions in acute and chronic inflammation helping to restore tissue homeostasis [166,167]. It is important to highlight that unlike their precursors (DHA and EPA), these SPMs exert potent actions at picomolar to nanomolar range.…”

Macrophages and the Recovery from Acute and Chronic Inflammation

“…Resolvins are a class of molecules biosynthesized from two omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, leading to E resolvins (RvEs) and D resolvins (RvDs), respectively (84). RvE1 signals through chemokine receptor-like 1 and leukotriene B4 receptor, whereas RvD1 signals through GPR32 and formyl-peptide receptor (FPR2) (85). These receptors are expressed on a variety of cells, including macrophages.…”