Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

Li, Chen; Ni, Yu‐Qing; Xu, Hui; Xiang, Qunyan; Zhao, Yan; Zhan, Jicheng; He, Jieyu; Li, Shuang; Liu, You‐Shuo

doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x

Cited by 180 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 572 publications

(554 reference statements)

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“…Apart from proteins, exosomes are also loaded with miRNAs that have gained much attention recently. The miRNAs from exosomes have been exploited to understand the mechanisms of their regenerative and immunomodulatory roles [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-Enriched Exosomes from Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Differentially Modulate Functions of Immune Cells and Neurogenesis

et al. 2021

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Adult Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes carry several biologically active molecules that play prominent roles in controlling disease manifestations. The content of these exosomes, their functions, and effect on the immune cells may differ depending on their tissue sources. Therefore, in this study, we purified the exosomes from three different sources and, using the RNA-Seq approach, highly abundant microRNAs were identified and compared between exosomes and parental cells. The effects of exosomes on different immune cells were studied in vitro by incubating exosomes with PBMC and neutrophils and assessing their functions. The expression levels of several miRNAs varied within the different MSCs and exosomes. Additionally, the expression profile of most of the miRNAs was not similar to that of their respective sources. Exosomes isolated from different sources had different abilities to induce the process of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, these exosomes demonstrated their varying effect on PBMC proliferation, neutrophil survival, and NET formation, highlighting their versatility and broad interaction with immune cells. The knowledge gained from this study will improve our understanding of the miRNA landscape of exosomes from hMSCs and provide a resource for further improving our understanding of exosome cargo and their interaction with immune cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-Enriched Exosomes from Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Differentially Modulate Functions of Immune Cells and Neurogenesis

et al. 2021

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“…The manipulation of ncRNA expression could be a potential strategy to interfere with TAM recruitment or to reprogram M2-polarized macrophages [119]. NcR-NAs are often released inside exosomes, so one possibility is the use of antibodies to target exosomes from cancer cells that can be recognized for the expression of particular proteins [120]. Another possibility involves the use of small molecules such as Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) that inhibit or degrade ncRNA molecules [121].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possibility involves the use of small molecules such as Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) that inhibit or degrade ncRNA molecules [121]. On the contrary, the delivery of anti-oncogenic ncRNAs through exosomes or nanoparticles might restore altered molecular pathways in cancer [120,122]. Today, the use of RNA-based therapies for cancer treatment is still premature, due to the difficulties in drug delivery and the risk of off-target effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Benedetti

Turco

Fontemaggi

et al. 2022

ncRNA

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by controlling gene expression at multiple levels. In tumors, ncRNAs can mediate the crosstalk between cancer cells and other cells in the TME, such as immune cells, stromal cells, and endothelial cells, influencing tumor development and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant inflammatory cells infiltrating solid cancers that promote tumorigenesis, and their infiltration correlates with a poor prognosis in many tumors. Cancer cells produce different ncRNAs that orchestrate TAM recruitment and polarization toward a tumor-promoting phenotype. Tumor-reprogrammed macrophages shape the TME by promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, and suppressing the anti-tumor activity of adaptive immune cells. TAMs can also produce ncRNA molecules that boost cancer cell proliferation and direct their phenotype and metabolic changes facilitating cancer progression and metastasis. This review will focus on the crosstalk between cancer cells and TAMs mediated by microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression.

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“…The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl also is downregulated by miR-34a-5p, and its overexpression is associated with cancer genesis and progression and inhibition of apoptosis [ 190 ]. Thus, miR-34a-5p/HIF1A, miR-34a-5p/IGFBP2 and miR-34a-5p/PIK3CB, as well as Axl, could represent possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer; conversely, miR-34a-5p upregulation is associated with the development of AD [ 193 , 194 ].…”

Section: Ncrna In Prostate Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examples of Inverse Comorbidity between Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Role for Noncoding RNA

Salemi

Mogavero

Lanza

et al. 2022

Cells

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Cancer is one of the most common causes of death; in parallel, the incidence and prevalence of central nervous system diseases are equally high. Among neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s dementia is the most common, while Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. There is a significant amount of evidence on the complex biological connection between cancer and neurodegeneration. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are defined as transcribed nucleotides that perform a variety of regulatory functions. The mechanisms by which ncRNAs exert their functions are numerous and involve every aspect of cellular life. The same ncRNA can act in multiple ways, leading to different outcomes; in fact, a single ncRNA can participate in the pathogenesis of more than one disease—even if these seem very different, as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders are. The ncRNA activates specific pathways leading to one or the other clinical phenotype, sometimes with obvious mechanisms of inverse comorbidity. We aimed to collect from the existing literature examples of inverse comorbidity in which ncRNAs seem to play a key role. We also investigated the example of mir-519a-3p, and one of its target genes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, for the inverse comorbidity mechanism between some cancers and PD. We believe it is very important to study the inverse comorbidity relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases because it will help us to better assess these two major areas of human disease.

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Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

Cited by 180 publications

References 572 publications

MicroRNA-Enriched Exosomes from Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Differentially Modulate Functions of Immune Cells and Neurogenesis

MicroRNA-Enriched Exosomes from Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Differentially Modulate Functions of Immune Cells and Neurogenesis

Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Examples of Inverse Comorbidity between Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Role for Noncoding RNA

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