Role the Employee of Some Biological Stains in Detecting Giardia lamblia among Internal Iraqi Displaced Peoples in Kirkuk Province

Abstract

Giardiasis is waterborne disease which had impact on public health in anywhere of the world, particularly in communities living under low level of sanitation and poor hygienic condition. Selection of such laboratory methods with high accuracy and precise technique recently had great role in reducing the rate of intestinal parasites in general and Giardia lamblia in particular. So the current study was conducted to fulfill this purpose. Three different microscopic based laboratory techniques namely direct double wet preparation, formal-ether and fecal stained smears by 9 different biological stains were applied for detecting Giardia lamblia stages in a total of 417 stool samples of Internal Iraqi Displaced peoples(IIDPPs) in Kirkuk city. The overall rate of Intestinal parasitic infection was 19.66%(82),,which included 10.31 %(43) as pure giardiasis and 9.35 %(39) for other 9 intestinal parasites. They involve: Blastocyst homonis 4.17 %, Entamoeba histolytica 1.67 %,Cryptosporidium parvum 1.43 %, Entamoeba coli 0.71 %, Cyclospora cayetanensis, 0.49 %, and 0.23 % for each of Entamoeba hartmani, Iodomoeba butschili, Hymenolepis nana and Ancylostoma duodenale. Statistically formalinether technique show high efficacy and significance than wet preparation technique in demonstrating other intestinal parasites. Eighty two positive samples were tested as fecal smears stained by nine different biological stains were examined by microscope. High rates of giardiasis 36.58 %.34.14 %,32.92 % and 25.6 % were recorded by using alcoholic eosin 1%, modified Gram staining+chromotrope 2R, alcoholic aceto-carmine 1 % and calcofluor white stains respectively. Followed by 24.39 %, 23.17 % and 19.15 % for Chromotrope 2R,trichrome stain and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stains respectively. While low rates 10.97 % and 7.31 % were recorded for haematoxyline-Ehrlich and 3 % of giemsa stain respectively. Giardiasis was contributing high rate from intestinal parasites among IIDPs,which had high healthy impact of this group of Iraqi communities. Fecal smears staining methods show high efficacy than direct microscopy and sedimentation technique in detecting and demonstrating Giardia lamblia microscopically, specially 1% of alcoholic eosin, alcoholic aceto-carmine and modified gram staining-hot chromotrope 2R stains. K e y w o r d sGiardiasis, formal-ether,

Fecal calprotectin among patients infected with some protozoan infections

“…In acute cases the picture of liquid diarrhea is mimic to that of IBS, color and even the odor of the positive Giardia stool samples are the same. .The finding rate of giardiasis in current study was not agreed those 7.06 % and 10.31 % recorded in Kirkuk by Salman, et al, 2015b andSalman et al, 2016 respectively in the same Province. Interpretation to this high rate might be due to type of the patients as 21.27% of patients has IBS, while in their studies they take general patients.…”

“…Motile organisms can be seen in a wet preparation of a fresh stool however the characteristic morphology is evident in a permanently stained preparation. The records of this parasite were not obvious, because mostly it was considered as non-pathogen, so it was often missed, the two following rates: 0.239 % and 0.126 % of Chilomastix mesnili were recorded in Kirkuk by (Salman et al, 2016 andSalman et al, 2015 b). …”

Cryptosporidium and Giardia Infection in Pet Animals: A review Study in Iraq

“…The researcher showed infection with Giardia lamblia in rural locations was 66.6% higher than in urban locations in humans [61]. In Kirkuk, three different microscopic methods: direct double wet preparation, formal ether and fecal stained smears and reported 10.31% with Giardia 1.43% Cryptosporidium parvium [62]. In Baghdad, the highest rate of infection was 85.57% in patients who drank from contaminated water sources whereas 79.3% humans suffering from chronic infection Giardiasis [63].…”

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

“…Nevertheless, the present data were higher than those recorded as 5.11%, (Morsy et al, 1991), 4.9% (Hamzy et al, 2003), 21.2% (Al-Nak kas et al, 2004), 4.57% (Ismaiel, 2011) and 16% (Babic et al, 2016. Salman et al (2016) reported that the liquid diarrhea picture in acute cases mimic that of IBS, also, the color and even the odor of the positive Giardia stool samples were the same. While in chronic giardiasis, clinical picture resemble IBD mainly epigastric pain and the other sequels.…”