Role of Thrombotic Vascular Risk Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Thromboembolic disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is recognized that a hypercoagulable state exists in IBD which involves all components of the clotting system. It has been suggested that this hypercoagulable state is closely linked to the disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that genetic defects such as factor V Leiden mutation and C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism associated with hyperhomocysteinemia seem to interfere in the thrombotic manifestations of IBD. Acquired factors such as antiphospholipid antibodies could also participate in the development of the thrombotic process. Deficiencies of other anticoagulant factors play a less important role in the thrombosis, and therefore it is not surprising that the results on these factors in IBD are contradictory. In conclusion the resultant gene–gene and gene–environment interactions between risk factors are the key to the understanding of why an IBD patient develops thrombosis at a specific point in time.

Prevalence of QT interval prolongation in inflammatory bowel disease

“…Recently, there has been growing evidence of cardiac complications, such as atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD), pericarditis, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and conduction defects, associated with patients with IBD (9-13). The pathophysiology behind the cardiac manifestations in patients with IBD is poorly understood, but growing evidence suggests that this could be because of chronic inflammation (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Clinical presentation of Crohn's disease: association between familial disease, smoking, disease phenotype, extraintestinal manifestations and need for surgery

“…In this hypothesis, different genetic backgrounds may explain different clinical patterns of the disease (1)(2)(3). In addition to genetic predisposition, various environmental and host factors (e.g.…”

The Differential Impact Of High-Intensity Swimming Exercise and Inflammatory Bowel Disease On IL-1b, TNF-a, and COX-2 Gene Expression in the Small Intestine and Colon in Mice

“…Although no known causes of IBD have been revealed, genetic, immune, and environmental factors are thought to be involved. 10 IBD involves chronic recurrent inflammation that invades the digestive canal from the mouth to the anus. IBD is classified as ulcerative colitis when continuous lesions in the mucous and submucous layers exist, and as Crohn's disease when the mucous membrane to the mucous layer is affected.…”