Role of the phytoestrogenic, pro-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties of silymarin in inhibiting experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

Atawia, Reem T.; Tadros, Mariane G.; Khalifa, Amani E.; Mosli, Hisham A.; Abdel-Naim, Ashraf B.

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.002

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Therefore, silymarin seems to counteract the early depressed activity of the PKA inhibitor and, therefore, preserved the HGmediated sperm motility. Such effects may be related to the sperm motility maintenance by silymarin at a higher concentration (20 mg/mL) under regular glucose conditions and are possibly due to its phytoestrogenic properties [28]. However, the results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference in combined treatments of silymarin and H-89 on HG-mediated sperm motility when compared to silymarin alone at 90 min.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Silymarin and protein kinase A inhibitor modulate glucose-mediated mouse sperm motility: An in vitro study

Chen

Pan

Lai

et al. 2015

Reproductive Biology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Silymarin and protein kinase A inhibitor modulate glucose-mediated mouse sperm motility: An in vitro study

Chen

Pan

Lai

et al. 2015

Reproductive Biology

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“…A growing body of evidence suggested the role of estrogen action via its distinct receptors; ER-α and ER-β in the development and progression of BPH 2 . Previous studies demonstrated that testosterone induced ER-α expression but decreased that of ER-β and its downstream effector; P21 in experimental model of BPH 20 . Also, androgen treatment induced prostatic hyperplasia in-vivo is dependent on increased expression of growth factors mainly IGF-1 and IGF-1R 21 and increased expression of phosphorylated Akt as well as Bcl-2 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Metformin Attenuates Testosterone-Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats: A Pharmacological Perspective

Mosli

Esmat

Atawia

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is uncontrolled proliferation of prostate tissue. Metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic agent, possesses anticancer activity through induction of apoptotic signaling and cell cycle arrest. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of metformin against experimentally-induced BPH in rats. Treatment with 500 and 1000 mg/kg metformin orally for 14 days significantly inhibited testosterone-mediated increase in the prostate weight & prostate index (prostate weight/body weight [mg/g]) and attenuated the pathological alterations induced by testosterone. Mechanistically, metformin significantly protected against testosterone-induced elevation of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and decrease of estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) expression, with no significant effect of androgen receptor (AR) and 5α-reductase expression. It decreased mRNA expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R and protein expression ratio of pAkt/total Akt induced by testosterone. Furthermore, it significantly ameliorated testosterone–induced reduction of mRNA expression Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, P21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and AMPK [PT-172] activity. In conclusion, these findings elucidate the effectiveness of metformin in preventing testosterone-induced BPH in rats. These results could be attributed, at least partly, to its ability to enhance expression ratio of ER-β/ER-α, decrease IGF-1, IGF-1R and pAkt expressions, increase P21, PTEN, Bax/Bcl-2 expressions and activate AMPK with a subsequent inhibition of prostate proliferation.

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“…Re-expression of ERβ via phytoestrogens elicited antiandrogenic effects, including downregulation of AR and its coactivators (79). In addition, many phytoestrogens were found to stimulate the expression of p21 (cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1) through ER, including genistein and silymarin (a polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from plant Silybum marianum) (80,81). Ongoing studies suggest that phytoestrogens can be used in treatment and/or prevention of PCa, as supported by findings that men who receive a rich phytoestrogen diet present a lower incidence of PCa (82).…”

Section: Phytoestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Estrogen Receptor β in Prostate Cancer

Christoforou

Christopoulos

Koutsilieris

2014

Mol Med

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Although androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the main molecular tool regulating growth and function of the prostate gland, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is involved in the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells and numerous antiproliferative actions on prostate cancer cells. However, ERβ splice variants have been associated with prostate cancer initiation and progression mechanisms. ERβ is promising as an anticancer therapy and in the prevention of prostate cancer. Herein, we review the recent experimental findings of ERβ signaling in the prostate.

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Role of the phytoestrogenic, pro-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties of silymarin in inhibiting experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 50 publications

Silymarin and protein kinase A inhibitor modulate glucose-mediated mouse sperm motility: An in vitro study

Silymarin and protein kinase A inhibitor modulate glucose-mediated mouse sperm motility: An in vitro study

Metformin Attenuates Testosterone-Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats: A Pharmacological Perspective

The Role of Estrogen Receptor β in Prostate Cancer

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