Role of the Orexin System on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis

Messina, Antonietta; Fusco, Carolina De; Monda, Vincenzo; Esposito, Maria; Moscatelli, Fiorenzo; Valenzano, Anna; Carotenuto, Marco; Viggiano, Emanuela; Chieffi, Sergio; Luca, Vincenzo De; Cibelli, Giuseppe; Monda, Marcellino; Messina, Giovanni

doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00066

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Another important mediator related to obesity development is Orexin-A/Hypocretin 1, a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus (Messina et al, 2016;Sperandeo et al, 2018). It plays an important role in the regulation of appetite: indeed, a reduction in the amount of Orexin-A determines a reduction of appetite (Inutsuka and Yamanaka, 2013;Messina et al, 2015;Chieffi et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity

et al. 2020

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Exercise represents the most important integrative therapy in metabolic, immunologic and chronic diseases; it represents a valid strategy in the non-pharmacological intervention of lifestyle linked diseases. A large body of evidence indicates physical exercise as an effective measure against chronic non-communicable diseases. The worldwide general evidence for health benefits are both for all ages and skill levels. In a dysregulated lifestyle such as in the obesity, there is an imbalance in the production of different cytokines. In particular, we focused on Adiponectin, an adipokine producted by adipose tissue, and on Orexin-A, a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus. The production of both Adiponectin and Orexin-A increases following regular and structured physical activity and both these hormones have similar actions. Indeed, they improve energy and glucose metabolism, and also modulate energy expenditure and thermogenesis. In addition, a relevant biological role of Adiponectin and Orexin A has been recently highlighted in the immune system, where they function as immune-suppressor factors. The strong connection between these two cytokines and healthy status is mediated by physical activity and candidates these hormones as potential biomarkers of the beneficial effects induced by physical activity. For these reasons, this review aims to underly the interconnections among Adiponectin, Orexin-A, physical activity and healthy status. Furthermore, it is analyzed the involvement of Adiponectin and Orexin-A in physical activity as physiological factors improving healthy status through physical exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity

et al. 2020

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“…Plasma concentrations of triglyceride decreased significantly after the 1 st day of paradoxical SD but after 8 days of SD, the total cholesterol levels were not modified (10) .While, some studies reported a drop in both triglyceride and cholesterol levels in SD rats by lesions of VLPO nucleus (6) .On contrast, some studies reported higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels in rats subjected to SD (7) which may be due to dietetic factor. The drop in lipid concentration could be a result of high energy expenditure that contributes to energy deficit in sleep deprived rats (10) .This maybe explained by stimulation of stress hormones secretion specially thyroxine by orexin-B at the hypothalamic level (15) . conclusion SD leads to a rapid and remarkable drop in blood triglyceride levels with a slight and delayed drop in blood cholesterol level that can be explained by the high metabolic rate during periods of SD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Orexin 1 Receptor Blocker SB-334867 On Changes Of Triglyceride And Cholesterol Metabolisminduced By Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation In Adult Male Rats

Ahmed

Mahmoud

Ahmed

et al. 2019

Sohag Medical Journal

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Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is a growing hazard through its effects on metabolism.Orexin is involved in regulation of both sleep and metabolism. Work on orexin receptors may explainthe mechanisms of some hazardous effects of SD. Aim:To test the role of orexin-1 receptor (OX1R)blocker, SB-334867 in changes of triglycerides and cholesterol metabolisminduced by SD. Method: 72 adult albino rats arranged in 4 equal groups: control, SD, SD-OX1R blocked &SD-DMSO groups. The 3 SD groups are subjected to 8 days of paradoxical SD using the modified multiple platform method. The OX1R blocked group was injected intraperitoneallydaily with single dose (3 mg/kg/day) of SB-334867 dissolved in 2 ml DMSOand diluted 1:1000. The SD-DMSO group was injected by 2 ml of DMSO diluted 1:1000. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels weremeasured. Results: Blood triglyceride levels dropped in all groups subjected to SD after the 1 st day while the blood cholesterol level dropped in all groups subjected to SD at the 7 th or 8 th day. In SD-OX1R blocked group showed less drop in blood triglyceridesthan the other SD groups but statistically non-significant change in cholesterol level. Conclusion: SDleads to earlier and more dropin blood triglyceridesthan the drop in cholesterol levels. This can be explained by high metabolism during SD with dependence on triglyceride more than cholesterol. OX1R blocker partially reduces the drop of triglyceride not cholesterol level indicating that orexinmay be involved in control of triglyceride metabolism but not cholesterol.

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“…Conversely, these neurotransmitters alterations could explain also the sleep disorders such as nocturnal awakenings, insomnia, and parasomnias (Bramanti et al, 2012 ; Precenzano et al, 2017 ) and food selectivity in ASD children (Chistol et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Suarez, 2017 ). In this context may be explained the cerebral metabolism increasing (Mitelman et al, 2017 ) and the autonomic hyperfunctioning in ASD (Avola et al, 2004 ; Goodman, 2016 ; Parisi et al, 2017 ) sustained by high Orexin A levels (Messina et al, 2013 , 2014 , 2015 ; Kohyama, 2016 ; Messina A. et al, 2016 ; Messina G. et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic, Metabolic Adaptations, and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders: How Far From Physiology?

et al. 2018

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a complex and multifaceted neurobehavioral syndrome with no specific cause still identified, despite the worldwide increasing (prevalence for 1,000 children from 6.7 to 14.6, between 2000 and 2012). Many biological and instrumental markers have been suggested as potential predictive factors for the precocious diagnosis during infancy and/or pediatric age. Many studies reported structural and functional abnormalities in the autonomic system in subjects with ASD. Sleep problems in ASD are a prominent feature, having an impact on the social interaction of the patient. Considering the role of orexins (A and B) in wake-sleep circadian rhythm, we could speculate that ASD subjects may present a dysregulation in orexinergic neurotransmission. Conversely, oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders. Nonetheless, little is known about the linkage between oxidative stress and the occurrence or the progress of autism and autonomic functioning; some markers, such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), body temperature, and galvanic skin response (GSR), may be altered in the patient with this so complex disorder. In the present paper, we analyzed an autism case report, focusing on the rule of the sympathetic activity with the aim to suggest that it may be considered an important tool in ASD evaluation. The results of this case confirm our hypothesis even if further studies needed.

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Role of the Orexin System on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis

Cited by 35 publications

References 112 publications

The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity

The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity

Role of Orexin 1 Receptor Blocker SB-334867 On Changes Of Triglyceride And Cholesterol Metabolisminduced By Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation In Adult Male Rats

Sympathetic, Metabolic Adaptations, and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders: How Far From Physiology?

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