Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence

Kornel, Amanda; Hartogh, Danja J. Den; Klentrou, Panagiota; Tsiani, Evangelia

doi:10.3390/ijms22179136

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…The interaction between irisin and osteoactivin may be through their role in the process of osteoblast differentiation as both exert their function by binding to integrin receptors (58,62). Furthermore, it has been reported that treatment with irisin induces osteoblast differentiation, which in turn resulted in an increase in OPG levels (16,63). The association observed through the current study between the levels of irisin and OPG agrees with these findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Association Between Factors Involved in Bone Remodeling (Osteoactivin and OPG) With Plasma Levels of Irisin and Meteorin-Like Protein in People With T2D and Obesity

et al. 2021

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The musculoskeletal system consisting of bones and muscles have been recognized as endocrine organs secreting hormones that are involved in regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with several musculoskeletal system complications. We hypothesized that an interaction exists between adipomyokines namely, irisin and METRNL, and various molecules involved in bone remodeling in individuals with obesity and T2D. A total of 228 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 124 non-diabetic (ND) and 104 T2D. A Multiplex assay was used to assess the level of various osteogenic molecules namely osteoactivin, Syndecan, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteonectin/SPARC. Our data shows elevated levels of Osteoactivin, Syndecan, OPG and SPARC in T2D as compared to ND individuals (p ≤ 0.05). Using Spearman’s correlation, a positive correlation was observed between irisin and Osteoactivin as well as OPG (p < 0.05). Similarly, a positive association was observed between METRNL and Osteoactivin (p < 0.05). The strong positive association shown in this study between irisin, METRNL and various molecules with osteogenic properties emphasize a possible interaction between these organs. This report suggests that having a dysregulation in the level of the aforementioned molecules could potentially affect the development of bone and muscle related complications that are associated with obesity and T2D.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Association Between Factors Involved in Bone Remodeling (Osteoactivin and OPG) With Plasma Levels of Irisin and Meteorin-Like Protein in People With T2D and Obesity

et al. 2021

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“…As for the mechanism, irisin may increase the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p38/ERK MAPK) signaling pathway. Increased expression of RUNX2, which is an important osteogenic marker, and downstream stimulation of ALP and OC were found in the the Wnt/β-catenin and p38/ERK MAPK signaling pathway [31]. Moreover, irisin could reduce osteoclastogenesis through decreasing RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and NFAT1c signaling pathway [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized rats

Zhou

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The reduction in androgen level gives rise to a decrease in bone mineral density and muscle strength,but the exact mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the roles of novel cytokines of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized (ORX) rats. Methods: Twenty 3-month-old male rats were randomized to receive sham or orchiectomy operation. Rats were euthanized after 8 weeks of surgery, and serum levels of sclerostin and irisin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and execution. Grip strength was measured by a grip strength tester at baseline and before execution. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture were measured by microcomputed tomography. The samples of bone and muscle were harvested at execution. Bone biomechanics were measured by three-point bending tests and vertebral body indentation tests. Bone and muscle histological features were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin stain, Von Kossa’s stain and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase stain. Simple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationships between serum levels of sclerostin, irisin and grip strength and BMD of ORX rats. Results: Serum sclerostin level increased from 279±44 pg/mL to 586±57 pg/mL since baseline to 8 weeks after ORX (P=0.002), which was significantly higher than that in sham rats (406±20 pg/mL at execution) (P=0.012). The serum irisin level decreased from 4.12±0.20 ng/mL to 3.55±0.29 ng/mL since baseline to 8 weeks of ORX (P=0.048), which was significantly lower than sham rats (4.84±0.37 pg/mL at execution) (P=0.013). Trabecular BMD, parameters of bone microarchitecture, bone strength, grip strength and the myofibers size of soleus muscles were significantly lower in ORX rats than in sham group. Grip strength was positively correlated with femoral trabecular BMD (r=0.713, P<0.001) and bone volume/total volume (r=0.712, P<0.001) in all rats. The serum sclerostin level was negatively correlated to femoral trabecular BMD (r=-0.508, P=0.022) and grip strength (r=-0.492, P=0.028). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with femoral trabecular BMD (r=0.597, P=0.005), but no obvious correlation was found between irisin level and muscle strength in all rats. Conclusions: Reduced BMD, impaired bone microarchitecture, weak strength of bone and muscle, and thin myofibers were induced by androgen deficiency of ORX rats. Serum sclerostin and irisin levels were significantly changed after ORX, which might be closely correlated with the occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in ORX rats.

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that irisin was a stronger determinant of bone mineral status ( 32 ), increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, leading to reduced risk of osteoporosis. Irisin had been shown to play an important role in promoting osteoblastogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis ( 33 ). Therefore, we speculate the beneficial effects of irisin on bone protection in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D status and circulating irisin levels in older adults with sarcopenia

Wang

Gu²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests sarcopenia, which is involved in the serum vitamin D deficiency and development of abnormal muscle metabolism, is predominately centered in the general older population. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between the level of serum vitamin D and irisin concentrations in the older adults with sarcopenia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted which included 422 sarcopenia participants (146 males and 276 females). Sarcopenia was assessed according to the recommended diagnostic criteria of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). The levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) were determined by LC-MS/MS. Irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between serum concentration of vitamin D and irisin were determined using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, a significant and positive relationship between changes in irisin across 25(OH)D, and 25(OH)D3 was observed (standard regression coefficients of 0.150 and 0.151, respectively, P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between serum vitamin D concentrations and irisin levels in males.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a higher level of serum vitamin D is independently related to the increment of irisin in sarcopenia females, not in males. These investigations need to be verified in other large-scale prospective studies.

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Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence

Cited by 23 publications

References 95 publications

Association Between Factors Involved in Bone Remodeling (Osteoactivin and OPG) With Plasma Levels of Irisin and Meteorin-Like Protein in People With T2D and Obesity

Association Between Factors Involved in Bone Remodeling (Osteoactivin and OPG) With Plasma Levels of Irisin and Meteorin-Like Protein in People With T2D and Obesity

The role of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized rats

Serum vitamin D status and circulating irisin levels in older adults with sarcopenia

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