Role of the macrophage in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other comorbidities in patients on effective antiretroviral treatment

Rappaport, Jay; Volsky, David J.

doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0346-y

Cited by 78 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Given that anti-HIV activity of LXR agonist is more potent in macrophages than in PBLs, potential utility of LXR agonists as a therapy option for HIV infection in humans would depend on the role of macrophage infection in HIV disease and will ultimately require clinical testing. Available data indicate that infection of macrophages plays important role in comorbidities of HIV infection, including neurocognitive (Rappaport and Volsky, 2015) and cardiovascular disorders (Bukrinsky and Sviridov, 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Liver X Receptor Has Potent Anti-HIV Effects in a Humanized Mouse Model of HIV Infection

Ramezani

Dubrovsky

Pushkarsky

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Liver X Receptor Has Potent Anti-HIV Effects in a Humanized Mouse Model of HIV Infection

Ramezani

Dubrovsky

Pushkarsky

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…In infectious situations, prolonged activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and the sustained expression of TNF have been linked to AIDS-related dementia complex [160]. In particular, the regional location of TNF-producing cells correlated with HIV gp41-reactive cells, and correlated with increasing cognitive impairment and dementia [161].…”

Section: Anti-tnf Mab-based Reagents In Neuroinflammation and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Antibody‐Based Drugs in the Treatment of Human Inflammatory Disorders

Sedger¹,

Ranasinghe²,

McDermott³

et al. 2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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Inflammation causes debilitating human conditions and older treatments rely on global immunosuppression that non-specifically alleviates symptoms. Currently, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are available that specifically block pro-inflammatory cytokines. These include mAbs specific to tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β,I L -6 , IL-17 and IL-12/IL-23. The chapter summarises the key elements in human inflammatory disease conditions, including various forms of arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, plus pyrin-associated inflammatory syndromes and periodic fevers, to explain the benefit of cytokine neutralisation through mAb-type reagents. The chapter reviews the efficacy and safety of the current repertoire of anti-cytokine/cytokine receptor mAbs. It also discusses the known side effects and adverse events that are sometimes associated with systemic blockade of cytokines in vivo, and concludes that the accumulating knowledge of treatment failures can reveal unappreciated aspects of cytokine biology and even new treatment opportunities. The chapter includes mention of the rapidly expanding cohort of biosimilar mAbs and the mAbs to IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 that are now emerging, in addition to the need for treatments for disorders that remain refractory to the current repertoire of anti-cytokine mAbs and conventional treatments. Thus, here we summarise the current status of anti-cytokine mAbs for human inflammatory diseases.

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“…However, rarely and usually only under conditions of immune dysfunction, JCV reactivates in glia, leading to enlarging lesions of demyelination and the development of PML [7]. HIV-1 infects cells in the CNS and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are linked with encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of macrophages and microglia [9,10]. JCV and HIV-1 are important examples of neurotropic viruses causing neurological infections to which the CRISPR/ Cas9 gene editing approach has been applied and thus they will be discussed first [11,12].…”

Section: Viral Diseases Of the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Editing for Treatment of Neurological Infections

et al. 2016

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The study of neurological infections by viruses defines the field of neurovirology, which has emerged in the last 30 years and was founded upon the discovery of a number of viruses capable of infecting the human nervous system. Studies have focused on the molecular and biological basis of viral neurological diseases with the aim of revealing new therapeutic options. The first studies of neurovirological infections can be traced back to the discovery that some viruses have an affinity for the nervous system with research into rabies by Louis Pasteur and others in the 1880s. Today, the immense public health impact of neurovirological infections is illustrated by diseases such as neuroAIDS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and viral encephalitis. Recent research has seen the development of powerful new techniques for gene editing that promise revolutionary opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic options. In particular, clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated 9 system provides an effective, highly specific and versatile tool for targeting DNA viruses that are beginning to allow the development of such new approaches. In this short review, we discuss these recent developments, how they pertain to neurological infections, and future prospects.

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Role of the macrophage in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other comorbidities in patients on effective antiretroviral treatment

Cited by 78 publications

References 83 publications

Stimulation of Liver X Receptor Has Potent Anti-HIV Effects in a Humanized Mouse Model of HIV Infection

Stimulation of Liver X Receptor Has Potent Anti-HIV Effects in a Humanized Mouse Model of HIV Infection

Therapeutic Antibody‐Based Drugs in the Treatment of Human Inflammatory Disorders

Gene Editing for Treatment of Neurological Infections

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