Role of the biliary microbiome in gallstone disease

Qi, Miao; Qin, Cheng Xue; Hong, Junbo

doi:10.1080/17474124.2018.1533812

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…In this study, 10 genera of bacteria were defined as the “common bacteria” in the bile of patients with choledocholithiasis based on the results of traditional bile culture ( Swidsinski and Lee, 2001 ; Gomi et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2018 ; Grigor’eva and Romanova, 2020 ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. These common bacteria were divided into two groups according to gram staining: gram-negative group included Escherichia–Shigella spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biliary Microbiota in Choledocholithiasis and Correlation With Duodenal Microbiota

Han

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe pathogenesis of choledocholithiasis is closely related to the role of bacteria. However, little is known about the predictive role of bile bacteria in clinical conditions of patients and the compositional and functional characteristics of biliary microbiota in choledocholithiasis.MethodsTo investigate the predictive value of biliary bacteria, clinical data of 488 patients with choledocholithiasis were collected. The predictive value of common bile bacteria to patients’ clinical conditions was analyzed by logistic regression. Samples of bile and corresponding duodenal juice from 10 selected patients with choledocholithiasis were obtained, and the composition and function of microbial communities were analyzed based on 16S rRNA sequencing and Tax4Fun.ResultsThe clinical conditions of patients with choledocholithiasis, such as recurrence, the severity of acute cholangitis, and duration of hospital stay were closely related to different species of bile bacteria as well as antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Employing 16S rRNA sequencing, the dominant phyla of biliary and duodenal microbiota were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The top three core microbiota at the genus level were Escherichia–Shigella, Fusobacterium, and Enterococcus. Escherichia coli accounted for the most abundant annotated species in both. Differences in composition between biliary and duodenal microbiota were not significant according to the alpha and beta diversities. Differential abundant features were not found in biliary microbiota indicated by A linear discriminant analysis effective size algorithm. The major pathways identified in biliary and duodenal microbiota were related to membrane transport, translation, replication and repair, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. However, no significant difference in those major pathways, as well as antimicrobial-resistance patterns, was observed between biliary and duodenal microbiota.ConclusionOur study first demonstrates the predictive contribution of biliary bacteria to the clinical conditions of patients with choledocholithiasis, and then it offers new insights into the compositional and functional features of biliary and duodenal microbiota. Similarities between biliary and duodenal microbiota support the theory of bacterial duodenal–biliary reflux in patients with choledocholithiasis. Meanwhile, when it is impracticable to obtain a bile sample, duodenal juice may be used as an alternative for bacterial culture and susceptibility tests.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biliary Microbiota in Choledocholithiasis and Correlation With Duodenal Microbiota

Han

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The main factors contributing to the formation of gallstones are defective gallbladder motility, metabolism and secretion of cholesterol and bile acids [ 12 ]; the gut microbiota is actively involved in the regulation of bile acid metabolism, changing the size and composition of the bile acid pool [ 13 , 14 ]. These associations are being verified by a significantly increasing number of studies confirming the participation of intestinal microbiota in gallstone formation, including works studying the bacterial metabolome and antibiotic resistance genes [ 10 ]. In addition, some types of intestinal bacteria can elicit chronic inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated genotoxicity or secrete DNA-damaging toxins, which also increases the formation of gallstones [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There is currently an increasing number of studies about the role of the gut microbiome as a key link in the pathogenesis of GSD [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The main factors contributing to the formation of gallstones are defective gallbladder motility, metabolism and secretion of cholesterol and bile acids [ 12 ]; the gut microbiota is actively involved in the regulation of bile acid metabolism, changing the size and composition of the bile acid pool [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallstone Disease and Microbiome

Григорьева

Romanova

2020

Microorganisms

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Gallstone disease (GSD) has, for many years, remained a high-cost, socially significant public health problem. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been carried out—both in humans and in animal models—confirming the role of the microbiota in various sections of the gastrointestinal tract as a new link in the etiopathogenesis of GSD. The microbiome of bile correlates with the bacterial composition of saliva, and the microbiome of the biliary tract has a high similarity with the microbiota of the duodenum. Pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity, through mechanisms of immunomodulation, can affect the motility of the gallbladder and the expression of mucin genes (MUC1, Muc3, MUC4), and represent one of the promoters of stone formation in the gallbladder. The presence of H. pylori infection contributes to the formation of gallstones and affects the occurrence of complications of GSD, including acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis. Intestinal bacteria (Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Escherichia coli) participating in the oxidation and epimerization of bile acids can disrupt enterohepatic circulation and lead to the formation of gallstones. At the same time, cholecystectomy due to GSD leads to the further transformation of the composition of the microbiota in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the risk of developing stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. Further research is required to determine the possibility of using the evaluation of the composition of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts as an early diagnostic marker of various gastroenterological diseases.

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“…Group 1 is the last to show a consistent and similar composition of the microbiota. At the genus level, most of the reads were assigned to the Acinetobacter fraction; this genus may be present, but is not typical for any particular type of gallstones (Wang et al 2018 ). Similarly to group 2, although a very large percentage of reads were not assigned at the genus level, many more were at the order level (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of bacterial metagenomic analysis in post-surgical examination of gallstones

et al. 2021

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Gallstone disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization for gastrointestinal diseases in the world. Recent studies have examined the presence of bacteria in the formation of stones. Our main goal was to determine the overall composition of gallstone microflora. Gallstones were obtained from 24 patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy from which DNA were extracted. Composition of bacterial flora was evaluated on 16 s rDNA sequencing technique. In the vast majority of samples, bacteria were present, and four groups could be differentiated regarding the flora. Overall composition shows that 87% of the stones were cholesterol/mixed type of gallstone. Additionally, potentially harmful microorganisms (Streptococcus, Clostridium and Kocuria) that could cause post-surgery complications were identified in several patients. The obtained results indicate that this technique may be useful in analyzing the type of stones and in pinpointing the presence of pathogenic bacteria.

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Role of the biliary microbiome in gallstone disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 181 publications

Biliary Microbiota in Choledocholithiasis and Correlation With Duodenal Microbiota

Biliary Microbiota in Choledocholithiasis and Correlation With Duodenal Microbiota

Gallstone Disease and Microbiome

The value of bacterial metagenomic analysis in post-surgical examination of gallstones

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