Gallstone Disease and Microbiome

Григорьева, И. Н.; Romanova, Tatyana I.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8060835

Cited by 84 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Some studies denoted that there might be postoperative change of the microbiome. Change of microbial composition was observed in patients received cholecystectomy [ 29 , 30 ]. Gastrointestinal microbiota showed higher species diversity and richness after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appendectomy and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

Yang

Wei

et al. 2021

JCM

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The potential association between appendectomy and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that appendectomy may be associated with gut vulnerability to NTS. The data were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to describe the incidence rates of NTS infection requiring hospital admission among patients with and without an appendectomy. A total of 208,585 individuals aged ≥18 years with an appendectomy were enrolled from January 2000 to December 2012, and compared with a control group of 208,585 individuals who had never received an appendectomy matched by propensity score (1:1) by index year, age, sex, occupation, and comorbidities. An appendectomy was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Procedure Codes. The main outcome was patients who were hospitalized for NTS. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two sensitivity analyses were conducted for cross-validation. Of the 417,170 participants (215,221 (51.6%) male), 208,585 individuals (50.0%) had an appendectomy, and 112 individuals developed NTS infection requiring hospitalization. In the fully adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, the appendectomy group had an increased risk of NTS infection (adjusted HR (aHR), 1.61; 95% CI, 1.20–2.17). Females and individuals aged 18 to 30 years with a history of appendectomy had a statistically higher risk of NTS than the control group (aHR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.26–2.93 and aHR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.41–5.07). In this study, appendectomy was positively associated with subsequent hospitalization for NTS. The mechanism behind this association remains uncertain and needs further studies to clarify the interactions between appendectomy and NTS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appendectomy and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

Yang

Wei

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Thus, the authors suggest that Oscillospira may predispose individuals to cholesterol gallstones [ 5 ]. Cholecystectomy alters bile flow into the intestine and bidirectional interactions between bile acids and intestinal microbiota, thereby increasing bacterial degradation of bile acids into faecal secondary bile acids [ 104 , 105 ]. Deoxycholic acid can inhibit the growth of thececal microbiota in rats; moreover, members of the Bacteroidetes phylum ( Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides sartorii ) are more sensitive to secondary bile acids exposure than members of the Firmicutes phylum ( Clostridium innocuum , Blautia coccoides ) [ 120 ].…”

Section: The Firmicutes/bacteroidetesratio and Gsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deoxycholic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with the Bacteroidetes phylum in patients with GSD [ 5 ]. Increasing levels of the cholic acid cause a dramatic shift toward the Firmicutes (from 54.1% before of administration of cholic acid up to 95% after [ 120 ]), particularly Clostridium cluster XIVa and increasing production of the harmful deoxycholic acid [ 104 , 121 ].…”

Section: The Firmicutes/bacteroidetesratio and Gsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, when analyzing available studies of intestinal and bile microbiota in animals and patients with GSD [ 5 , 6 , 15 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 92 , 93 , 100 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ] there were no unidirectional changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. This situation with opposite results is typical not only for GSD.…”

Section: The Firmicutes/bacteroidetesratio and Gsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Григорьева

2020

JPM

Self Cite

162

101

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Obesity is a major risk factor for developing gallstone disease (GSD). Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that the development of GSD may be related to gut dysbiosis. This review presents and summarizes the recent findings of studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD. Most of the studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD have shown a significant increase in the phyla Firmicutes (Lactobacillaceae family, genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Blautia, Dorea, Anaerostipes, and Oscillospira), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium) and a significant decrease in the phyla Bacteroidetes (family Muribaculaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Paludibacter, Barnesiella), Firmicutes (genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), and Proteobacteria (Desulfovibrio genus). The influence of GSD on microbial diversity is not clear. Some studies report that GSD reduces microbial diversity in the bile, whereas others suggest the increase in microbial diversity in the bile of patients with GSD. The phyla Proteobacteria (especially family Enterobacteriaceae) and Firmicutes (Enterococcus genus) are most commonly detected in the bile of patients with GSD. On the other hand, the composition of bile microbiota in patients with GSD shows considerable inter-individual variability. The impact of GSD on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is unclear and reports are contradictory. For this reason, it should be stated that the results of reviewed studies do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions regarding the relationship between GSD and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the microbiota.

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“…Gut microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial community assembly were associated with cholesterol gallstones in a large-scale study [5][6][7]. It has been reported that the proportion of Lactobacillus is greatly reduced in CGS mouse models [8]; however, whether Lactobacillus supplementation can reduce gallstones has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Cholesterol Gallstones by Lactobacillus Targeting the Gut Microbiota Depends on Global Farnesoid X Receptor-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism

Wan¹,

Zhuang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Cholesterol gallstone (CGS) disease is characterized by an imbalance in bile acid (BA) metabolism and is closely associated with gut microbiota disorders. However, the role and mechanism by which probiotics targeting the gut microbiota attenuate CGS are still unknown. In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri CGMCC 17942 (LR) and L. plantarum CGMCC 14407 (LP) were individually administered to lithogenic diet (LD)-fed mice at a dosage of 109 CFU/day for 8 weeks. Results Both Lactobacillus strains significantly reduced LD-induced gallstones, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia. These strains modulated serum BA profiles, with significantly decreased conjugated primary BA taurine-β-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA), an FXR antagonist. At the molecular level, LR and LP increased Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) expression in the liver but not in the ileum, increased the levels of ileum and liver fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) and liver FGFR4, small heterodimer partner (SHP), and subsequently reduced cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B polypeptide 1 (CYP7B1) to inhibit BA synthesis in the liver. At the same time, the two strains enhanced BA transport by increasing the levels of multidrug-resistance-associated protein homologs (MRP) 3/4, multidrug-resistance-associated protein homologs (MRP) 3/4, hepatic multidrug resistance protein (MDR2) and bile salt export pump (BSEP) mRNA in the liver. In addition, both LR and LP reduced LD-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis. LR increased the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, while LP increased that of Akkermansia. The changed gut microbiota was significantly negatively correlated with the grade and incidence of gallstones, hyperlipidemia, the level of T-β-MCA in serum, or the gene expression levels of Fxr in liver. Furthermore, the protective effects of the two strains were abolished by a global but not intestinal-specific FXR antagonist. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that Lactobacillus might relieve gallstones through FXR-dependent regulation of BA synthesis and transport.

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Gallstone Disease and Microbiome

Cited by 84 publications

References 130 publications

Appendectomy and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

Appendectomy and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Alleviation of Cholesterol Gallstones by Lactobacillus Targeting the Gut Microbiota Depends on Global Farnesoid X Receptor-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism

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