Role of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA, and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, and irisin in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats

Abstract

Background Exercise benefits a variety of organ systems in mammals, and some of the best recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the transcriptional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α). The regulatory effect of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA expression, and subsequently irisin levels is more controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of swimming as an exercise on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator1 alpha (PGC-1α) and Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) mRNA in skeletal muscle and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, irisin, and PGC-1α levels in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats. Sixty male albino rats are randomly divided into 4 groups (15 rats/group). In the first group (control), rats are fed with standard diet. The 2nd group (cont + swim) is fed on standard diet and made swimming exercise. The 3rd group of rats is fed on HCHF, whereas in the 4th group (HCHF + swim) is also fed on HCHF diet and made swimming exercise for 20 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, omentin, irisin, adropin, and PGC-1α were measured. Also, FNDC5 and PGC-1α are extracted and purified from muscle tissue samples measured by PCR test. Results Our results showed significant increase in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, and triglycerides with significant decrease in omentin, irisin, adropin, PGC-1α, and HDL in HCHF group as compared to the control group. These results improved after exercise in all parameter in HCHF + swim group compare to HCHF group. Also, there was inverse correlation between omentin and fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in HCHF + swim group. Conclusions It concluded that swimming exercise improved all the above measured parameters in serum and tissues which might have been promising for the prevention of metabolic diseases.

Acute Interval and Continuous Moderate Intensity Exercise Enhanced Circadian Thermogenic Activity through Browning related Genes in Obese Adolescent Female

“…The increase in PGC-1α after exercise stimulates a growth in FNDC-5 protein, which cleavages to form irisin [54], activating the UCP-1 thermogenic gene to enhance thermogenesis [14]. Previous studies also reported higher PGC-1α in experimental mice after swimming treatment than in the control group [55]. The same results have been reported on the mouse model after 30 minutes of treadmill exercise [53].…”

Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Activities of Bombax Ceiba Extract in Obese Rats With Metabolic Syndrome

“…The mechanism of the beneficial effects of adropin on the endothelial function has shown that serum adropin promotes production and improves the bioavailability of nitric oxide, which improves arterial stiffness. These results indicated that serum adropin has a possible mechanism that underlies enhanced endothelial function (Badawy et al, 2020).…”

“…Symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, excess fat deposition, increased proinflammatory markers, and reduced antioxidant defenses were caused by highcarbohydrate, high-fat diet (HCHFD) in rats (Badawy et al, 2020).…”

Effects of oleic acid and/or exercise on diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity in rats: involvement of beige adipocyte differentiation and macrophage M1 inhibition

“…Irisin hormone has a vital role in obesity and is described as a myokine that induces white fat “browning” and thermogenesis stimulating UCP1 expression( 40 ). Swimming as an example of exercise elevated irisin levels and UCP1 expression provoking white adipocytes browning alleviating obesity( 41 ). In the present study, HFD reduced thermogenesis as evidenced by decreased levels of irisin, UCP1, and CD137 expressions (beige adipocyte markers).…”