Role of superantigens in experimental arthritis

Abdelnour, Arturo; Zhao, Yi‐Xue; Bremell, Tomas; Holmdahl, Rikard; Tarkowski, Andrej

doi:10.1007/bf01795134

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Enteric pathology is T-cell-dependent [17] and presumably results from a cytokine toxicity that is similar to TSS but localized. In addition, bacterial SAgs activate experimental autoimmune diseases [18]. Indirect evidence suggests that SAg may have some involvement in human autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: The Superantigen and Disease Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus

Ulrich¹

2000

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus aureus bacteria utilize an extensive array of molecular countermeasures to manipulate the defensive microenvironment of the infected host and colonize potentially any tissue. The secreted polypeptides referred to as superantigens are unique among these countermeasures, because they target the multireceptor communication between T cells and antigen-presenting cells that is fundamental to initiating pathogen-specific immune clearance. Superantigens play a critical role in toxic-shock syndrome and food poisoning, yet their function in routine infections is not well understood. While an association of superantigens with cases of human autoimmune disease seems tantalizing, convincing data are not yet available. Blocking antigen-specific T-cell recognition is the primary evolutionary driving force behind superantigen selection, whereas superantigen-specific pathologies are by-products that are apparent only under select conditions.

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Section: The Superantigen and Disease Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus

Ulrich¹

2000

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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“…Furthermore, transient arthritis was induced by the intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats, rabbits, and pony [14]). Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis represents an infectious arthritis [15,16]. Zymosan is an extract from yeast cell wall consisting of protein-carbohydrate complexes that induces chronic arthritis upon injection into the knee joints of mice [17].…”

Section: Microbial Molecules May Induce Autoimmunity In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and autoimmunity: Lessons of animal models

Pásztói¹,

Misják²,

György³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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While the key initiating processes that trigger human autoimmune diseases remain enigmatic, increasing evidences support the concept that microbial stimuli are among major environmental factors eliciting autoimmune diseases in genetically susceptible individuals.Here, we present an overview of evidences obtained through various experimental models of autoimmunity for the role of microbial stimuli in disease development. Disease onset and severity have been compared in numerous models under conventional, specific-pathogen-free and germ-free conditions. The results of these experiments suggest that there is no uniform scheme that could describe the role played by infectious agents in the experimental models of autoimmunity. While some models are dependent, others prove to be completely independent of microbial stimuli. In line with the threshold hypothesis of autoimmune diseases, highly relevant genetic factors or microbial stimuli induce autoimmunity on their own, without requiring further factors. Importantly, recent evidences show that colonization of germ-free animals with certain members of the commensal flora [such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)] may lead to autoimmunity. These data drive attention to the importance of the complex composition of gut flora in maintaining immune homeostasis. The intriguing observation obtained in autoimmune animal models that parasites often confer protection against autoimmune disease development may suggest new therapeutic perspectives of infectious agents in autoimmunity.Keywords: autoimmunity, mimicry, infection, microbe, model * These authors contributed equally. **Corresponding author: Edit Buzas; Department of Genetics, Cell-and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary; Phone: +36-30-7444918; E-mail: edit.buzas@gmail.com Experimental models of autoimmunityInbred mice have proven to be extremely successful tools for basic immunology research. However, data argue for substantial differences between the immune systems of rodents and humans, and because of this, mice or rats have been recently considered of somewhat limited relevance as models of disease [4,5]. However, despite all limitations, experimental models enable targeting fundamental questions such as the implication of infectious agents in autoimmune disease development.Most human autoimmune diseases are characterized by complex genetics; a combination of numerous alleles confers genetic susceptibility for a given disease along with epigenetic and environmental factors. Exceptions include the rare monogenic autoimmune diseases such as the APECED (Autoimmune polyendocrinopthy-candidiasisectodermal dystrophy) and IPEX (Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked) syndromes in which the mutation of genes with outstanding impact on immune tolerance (AIRE and FoxP3) leads to pathological autoimmunity. Experimental autoimmune models are in agreement with the above interpretation of the basis of human autoimmunity. They include two basic categories: induced ...

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“…Enteric pathology is T‐cell‐dependent [17] and presumably results from a cytokine toxicity that is similar to TSS but localized. In addition, bacterial SAgs activate experimental autoimmune diseases [18]. Indirect evidence suggests that SAg may have some involvement in human autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: The Superantigen and Disease Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%