Role of Stomata in Plant Innate Immunity and Foliar Bacterial Diseases

Abstract

Pathogen entry into host tissue is a critical first step in causing infection. For foliar bacterial plant pathogens, natural surface openings, such as stomata, are important entry sites. Historically, these surface openings have been considered as passive portals of entry for plant pathogenic bacteria. However, recent studies have shown that stomata can play an active role in limiting bacterial invasion as part of the plant innate immune system. As counter-defense, the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses the virulence factor coronatine to actively open stomata. In nature, many foliar bacterial disease outbreaks require high humidity, rain, or storms, which could promote stomatal opening and/or bypass stomatal defense by creating wounds as alternative entry sites. Further studies on microbial and environmental regulation of stomatal closure and opening could fill gaps in our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis, disease epidemiology, and microbiology of the phyllosphere.

Physiological and comparative proteomic analyses of Thai jasmine rice and two check cultivars in response to drought stress

“…The COI1 protein is a part of the SCF COI1 -ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes ubiquitination of the JAZ repressor. Degradation of JAZ repressor triggers the induction of jasmonate response genes and subsequently results in an increase in the innate immune response and stomatal closure (Munemasa et al 2007;Melotto et al 2008). Our results also demonstrate that stomata closure in NSG19 occurred faster than in KDML105 and IR20 (Figure 4).…”

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

“…Again, deconstructing the sequence of events in mechanistic terms must draw on the voltage clamp to separate the individual transporter currents (Blatt, 2004) and is the focus of a number of recent reviews (Blatt, 2000;Hetherington and Brownlee, 2004;Blatt et al, 2007;Pandey et al, 2007;Melotto et al, 2008;Wang and Song, 2008;McAinsh and Pittman, 2009;Hills et al, 2012). In general, however, stomatal movement arises as the cumulative sum of the net solute fluxes (i.e.…”

The multifaceted role of ABA in disease resistance

“…For example, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 can re-open stomata by using the effector molecule coronatine [8], whereas other effectors are responsible for stomatal re-opening in other plant-pathogen combinations [9]. For instance, the bacterial citrus pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.…”

“…ABA has a multifaceted role throughout different phases of plant defense, and its role varies according to the timing and invasive strategy of the challenging pathogen ( Figure 1, main text). During Phase I, ABA stimulates resistance against fungi and oomycetes by mediating stomatal closure [8,9,12,13]. Throughout Phase II, it promotes callose deposition in response to infection by fungi and oomycetes.…”