“…2) Experimental treatments that increase egg [Ca2+] -such as application of calcium ionophore, pricking with a glass needle, microinjection of calcium, or microinjection of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3)-trigger egg activation (Gingell, 1970;Schroeder and Strickland, 1974;Wolf, 1974a;Hollinger and Schuetz, 1976;Picard et al, 1985;Kubota et al, 1987). 3) Treatments that prevent an increase in [Ca2+]i abolish events associated with interphase entry, including cortical granule exocytosis, cortical contraction, chromosome decondensation, and nuclear envelope reformation in response to activating stimuli (Gingell, 1970;Schroeder and Strickland, 1974;Christensen et al, 1984;Lohka and Masui, 1984;Kline, 1988).…”