?-spectrin has a stage-specific asymmetrical localization duringXenopus oogenesis

Carotenuto, Rosa; Vaccaro, Maria Carmen; Capriglione, Teresa; Petrucci, Tamara C.; Campanella, Chiara

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(200002)55:2<229::aid-mrd13>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…There are several known sites of actin insertion into the cell membrane, in addition to cadherins. For example, ␣-spectrin and moesin, members of FERM (band 4.1/ezrin/ radixin/moesin) proteins are maternally expressed in Xenopus oocytes (Carotenuto et al, 2000;Thorn et al, 1999), and could play a role in attaching the sparse actin network to the cell membrane. Some integrins (␤1, for example) are present at the blastula stage (Gawantka et al, 1992) and could be sites of actin assembly.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

G-protein-coupled signals control cortical actin assembly by controlling cadherin expression in the earlyXenopusembryo

Tao

Nandadasa

McCrea³

et al. 2007

Development

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During embryonic development, each cell of a multicellular organ rudiment polymerizes its cytoskeletal elements in an amount and pattern that gives the whole cellular population its characteristic shape and mechanical properties. How does each cell know how to do this? We have used the Xenopus blastula as a model system to study this problem. Previous work has shown that the cortical actin network is required to maintain shape and rigidity of the whole embryo, and its assembly is coordinated throughout the embryo by signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors. In this paper, we show that the cortical actin network colocalizes with foci of cadherin expressed on the cell surface. We then show that cell-surface cadherin expression is both necessary and sufficient for cortical actin assembly and requires the associated catenin p120 for this function. Finally, we show that the previously identified G-protein-coupled receptors control cortical actin assembly by controlling the amount of cadherin expressed on the cell surface. This identifies a novel mechanism for control of cortical actin assembly during development that might be shared by many multicellular arrays.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

G-protein-coupled signals control cortical actin assembly by controlling cadherin expression in the earlyXenopusembryo

Tao

Nandadasa

McCrea³

et al. 2007

Development

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“…2b and c). The streams of animally-localized Shroom2 are reminiscent of streams of spectrin protein that localize to the animal hemispere of Xenopus oocytes, described previously (Carotenuto et al, 2000). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Spectrin protein localizes asymmetrically in Xenopus oocytes and embryos to the animal hemisphere (Carotenuto et al, 2000). Since spectrin has a similar localization pattern to Shroom2, we tested whether Shroom2 colocalizes with spectrin during oogenesis and early development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, spectrin co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with melanosomes in frog melanophores (Aspengren and Wallin, 2004; Watabe et al, 2008), and proteomic analysis shows that dynein and spectrin localize in both premature and mature human melanosomes, indicating that they are involved in melanosome transport (Chi et al, 2006; Watabe et al, 2008). These studies, and the fact that spectrin localizes asymmetrically in the animal hemisphere of Xenopus oocyte and egg (Carotenuto et al, 2000), suggests that spectrin might be involved in the determination of pigment distribution during Xenopus oogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Changes in localization and expression levels of Shroom2 and spectrin contribute to variation in amphibian egg pigmentation patterns

Lee

Cannatella

et al. 2009

Dev Genes Evol

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One contributing factor in the worldwide decline in amphibian populations is thought to be exposure of eggs to UV light. Enrichment of pigment in the animal hemisphere of eggs laid in the sunlight defends against UV damage, but little is known about the cell biological mechanisms controlling such polarized pigment patterns. Even less is known about how such mechanisms were modified during evolution to achieve the array of amphibian egg pigment patterns. Here, we show that ectopic expression of the γ-tubulin regulator, Shroom2, is sufficient to induce co-accumulation of pigment granules, spectrin, and dynactin in Xenopus blastomeres. Shroom2 and spectrin are enriched and co-localize specifically in the pigmented animal hemisphere of Xenopus eggs and blastulae. Moreover, Shroom2 mRNA is expressed maternally at high levels in Xenopus. By contrast to Xenopus, eggs and blastulae of Physalaemus pustulosus have very little surface pigmentation. Rather, we find that pigment is enriched in the perinuclear region of these embryos, where it co-localizes with spectrin. Moreover, maternal Shroom2 mRNA was barely detectable in Physaleamus, though zygotic levels were comparable to Xenopus. We therefore suggest that a Shroom2/spectrin/dynactin-based mechanism controls pigment localization in amphibian eggs, and that variation in maternal Shroom2 mRNA levels accounts in part for variation in amphibian egg pigment patterns during evolution.

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“…Intensive interaction is thought to take place through the interface which allows the passage of particles as large as ribosomes. These particles are presumably involved in the control of oogenesis Kitajima et al 1986;Selman et al 1986Selman et al , 1988Carotenuto et al 2000). Thus intense follicle cell-oocyte interaction occurs at the interface during vitellogenesis at all vitellogenic stages in I. tricolor and G. ramaswamii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stages in follicle cell/oocyte interface during vitellogenesis in caecilians Ichthyophis tricolor and Gegeneophis ramaswamii: a transmission electron-microscopic study

et al. 2007

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We describe the ultrastructural organization of the vitellogenic follicle stages in two caecilian species. Monthly samples of slices of ovary of Ichthyophis tricolor and Gegeneophis ramaswamii from the Western Ghats of India were subjected to transmission electron-microscopic analysis, with special attention to the follicle cell/oocyte interface. In order to maintain uniformity of the stages among the amphibians, all the stages in the caecilian follicles were assigned to stages I-VI, the vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic follicles being assigned to stages III-VI. Stage III commences with the appearance of precursors of vitelline envelope material in the perivitelline space. Stages IV and V have been assigned appropriate substages. During the transition of stage III to stage VI oocytes, a sequential change occurs in the manifestations of follicle cells, perivitelline space, vitelline envelope and oocyte cortex. The vitelline envelope becomes a tough coat through the tunnels of which the macrovilli pass to interdigitate between the microvilli. The oocyte surface forms pinocytic vesicles that develop into coated pits and, later, coated vesicles. Contributions of the oocyte cortex to the vitelline envelope and of the follicle cells to yolk material via synthesis within them are indicated. The follicle cell/oocyte interface of vitellogenic follicles of these two caecilians resembles that in anurans and urodeles, with certain features being unique to caecilians. Thus, this paper throws light on the possible relationships of caecilians to anurans and urodeles with special reference to ovarian follicles.

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?-spectrin has a stage-specific asymmetrical localization duringXenopus oogenesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

G-protein-coupled signals control cortical actin assembly by controlling cadherin expression in the earlyXenopusembryo

G-protein-coupled signals control cortical actin assembly by controlling cadherin expression in the earlyXenopusembryo

Changes in localization and expression levels of Shroom2 and spectrin contribute to variation in amphibian egg pigmentation patterns

Stages in follicle cell/oocyte interface during vitellogenesis in caecilians Ichthyophis tricolor and Gegeneophis ramaswamii: a transmission electron-microscopic study

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