Role of Soil Microbiome and Enzyme Activities in Plant Growth Nutrition and Ecological Restoration of Soil Health

Jamir, Esther; Kangabam, Rajiv Das; Borah, Kasmika; Tamuly, Abhijit; Boruah, Hari Prasanna Deka; Silla, Yumnam

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9117-0_5

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…The soil that supports grasslands is the most dynamic and favorable habitat for soil microorganisms [ 14 ]. These microorganisms regulate the establishment and proper development of terrestrial species as well as the elementary processes underground, such as decomposition of organic matter [ 15 ], nutrient flow, and maintenance of soil structures [ 16 ]. The dynamic of the vegetation assemblage is directly correlated with the below-ground dynamic, especially because both the microbiota and edaphic microorganisms are adapted to oligotrophic conditions [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Patterns in the Roots of Dominant Festuca rubra in a High-Natural-Value Grassland

Corcoz

Păcurar

Pop-Moldovan

et al. 2021

Plants

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Grassland ecosystems occupy significant areas worldwide and represent a reservoir for biodiversity. These areas are characterized by oligotrophic conditions that stimulate mycorrhizal symbiotic partnerships to meet nutritional requirements. In this study, we selected Festuca rubra for its dominance in the studied mountain grassland, based on the fact that grasses more easily accept a symbiotic partner. Quantification of the entire symbiosis process, both the degree of colonization and the presence of a fungal structure, was performed using the root mycorrhizal pattern method. Analysis of data normality indicated colonization frequency as the best parameter for assessing the entire mycorrhizal mechanism, with five equal levels, each of 20%. Most of the root samples showed an intensity of colonization between 0 and 20% and a maximum of arbuscules of about 5%. The colonization degree had an average value of 35%, which indicated a medium permissiveness of roots for mycorrhizal partners. Based on frequency regression models, the intensity of colonization presented high fluctuations at 50% frequency, while the arbuscule development potential was set to a maximum of 5% in mycorrhized areas. Arbuscules were limited due to the unbalanced and unequal root development and their colonizing hyphal networks. The general regression model indicated that only 20% of intra-radicular hyphae have the potential to form arbuscules. The colonization patterns of dominant species in mountain grasslands represent a necessary step for improved understanding of the symbiont strategies that sustain the stability and persistence of these species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Patterns in the Roots of Dominant Festuca rubra in a High-Natural-Value Grassland

Corcoz

Păcurar

Pop-Moldovan

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Several studies have clarified the structure and variation of root-associated microbiomes in different plants species employed in bio-phytoremediation (Jamir et al, 2019;Zadel et al, 2020). At present, as far as we know, very little information is available on how microbial communities assemble in the rhizosphere, defined as the top soil layer of 1-2 mm surrounding the plant roots, if it is polluted by a metal such as Zn and amended with compost (CMP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Zinc Pollution and Compost Amendment on the Root Microbiome of a Metal Tolerant Poplar Clone

et al. 2020

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Until recently, many phytoremediation studies were focused solely on a plants ability to reclaim heavy metal (HM) polluted soil through a range of different processes, such as phytoextraction and phytostabilization. However, the interaction between plants and their own rhizosphere microbiome represents a new research frontier for phytoremediation. Our hypothesis is that rhizomicrobiome might play a key role in plant wellness and in the response to external stimuli; therefore, this study aimed to shed light the rhizomicrobiome dynamics after an organic amendment (e.g., compost) and/or HM pollution (e.g., Zn), and its relation with plant reclamation ability. To reach this goal we set up a greenhouse experiment cultivating in pot an elite black poplar clone (N12) selected in the past for its excellent ability to reclaim heavy metals. N12 saplings were grown on a soil amended with compost and/or spiked with high Zn doses. At the end of the experiment, we observed that the compost amendment strongly increased the foliar size but did not affect significantly the Zn accumulation in plant. Furthermore, the rhizomicrobiome communities (bacteria and fungi), investigated through NGS, highlighted how α diversity increased in all treatments compared to the untreated N12 saplings. Soil compost amendment, as well as Zn pollution, strongly modified the bacterial rhizomicrobiome structure. Conversely, the variation of the fungal rhizomicrobiome was only marginally affected by soil Zn addition, and only partially impaired by compost. Nevertheless, substantial alterations of the fungal community were due to both compost and Zn. Together, our experimental results revealed that organic amendment increased the bacterial resistance to external stimuli whilst, in the case of fungi, the amendment made the fungi microbiome more susceptible. Finally, the greater microbiome biodiversity does not imply, in this case, a better plant wellness or phytoremediation ability, although the microbiome plays a role in the external stimuli response supporting plant life.

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“…Microorganisms secrete a variety of enzymes that enable nutrient cycling and shape the soil ecosystem (Jamir et al, 2019; Luo et al, 2017). For instance, BX catalyzes the breakdown of cellulose, LAP catalyzes the hydrolysis of leucine and other hydrophobic amino acids, AP transforms complex organic P into assimilable phosphate, NAG catalyzes the hydrolysis of chitin, and CE catalyzes the breakdown of hemicellulose (German et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incorporation of straw into the subsoil increases C, N, and P enzyme activities and nutrient supply by enriching distinctive functional microorganisms

Zhao

Ling

et al. 2022

Land Degrad Dev

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Incorporation of crop residues into agricultural soils is a common practice that can improve soil quality. However, the impact of different straw incorporation techniques on soil bacteria and their functions is still not well understood, especially across soil depths. Here, we investigated the impact of three maize straw management methods (straw removal, straw incorporation into topsoil, and deep‐injected straw incorporation into subsoil) on soil bacterial communities and how they were linked to extracellular enzymes and soil properties. Deep‐injected straw incorporation strongly promoted enzyme activities: C‐cycling enzymes increased by 111–532 nmol g−1 hr−1, N‐cycling enzymes by 229–708 nmol g−1 hr−1, and P‐cycling enzymes by 142–216 nmol g−1 hr−1 compared to straw removal and straw incorporation into topsoil. In addition, deep‐injected straw incorporation considerably increased soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total nitrogen (TN) compared to the other straw management methods (249–253% for SOC, 303–370% for DOC, and 178–196% for TN). However, in topsoil, only minimal effects of straw management practices on bacterial communities, enzymes activities, and soil properties were found. Deep‐injected straw incorporation favoured copiotrophic bacteria which resulted in a reduction of 41% in Shannon index. Bacteria associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling were mainly Actinobacteria, which were positively correlated with TN, SOC, and DOC. Acidobacteria were the dominant species in P‐cycling module and were positively associated with SOC, DOC, and available phosphorus. Overall, injection of straw into subsoil alters bacterial communities and functioning, and increases soil nutrients and soil organic C in subsoil.

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Role of Soil Microbiome and Enzyme Activities in Plant Growth Nutrition and Ecological Restoration of Soil Health

Cited by 10 publications

References 149 publications

Mycorrhizal Patterns in the Roots of Dominant Festuca rubra in a High-Natural-Value Grassland

Mycorrhizal Patterns in the Roots of Dominant Festuca rubra in a High-Natural-Value Grassland

Effects of Zinc Pollution and Compost Amendment on the Root Microbiome of a Metal Tolerant Poplar Clone

The incorporation of straw into the subsoil increases C, N, and P enzyme activities and nutrient supply by enriching distinctive functional microorganisms

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