Role of Satellite RNA in the Expression of Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses

Collmer, Candace Whitmer; Howell, Stephen H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.002223

Cited by 84 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Some satellite RNAs are known to exacerbate viral symptoms or induce symptoms distinct from those induced by the helper virus alone, but most attenuate symptoms, whether or not they contain an expressed ORF (11). Satellite DNA␤ molecules associated with begomoviruses contain a functional ␤C1 gene and have been demonstrated to play a vital role in inducing yellow vein disease in Eupatorium and Ageratum, leaf curl disease in cotton, yellow vein mosaic disease in bhendi, and yellow leaf curl disease in tomato (6,28,48,49,60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Begomovirus DNAβ-Encoded Protein Binds DNA, Functions as a Suppressor of RNA Silencing, and Targets the Cell Nucleus

Cui

Wang

et al. 2005

J Virol

257

182

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Begomovirus DNAβ-Encoded Protein Binds DNA, Functions as a Suppressor of RNA Silencing, and Targets the Cell Nucleus

Cui

Wang

et al. 2005

J Virol

257

182

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“…The la polypeptide is thought to have both methyltransferase (Mi et al, 1989) and RNA helicase activities (Habili & Symons, 1989). Alterations in the aa sequence of the putative RNA helicase gene of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) also have a pronounced effect on the symptom modulation of the satellite RNAs of this virus, possibly through differences in the rate of satellite replication (Collmer et al, 1992) similar to what has been demonstrated with CMV-Ix and T-CARNA 5 (Kaper et al, 1990b), although here replication support of some other satellite RNAs is abolished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some isolates of CMV and PSV contain abundant amounts of a small RNA which is dependent on viral genomic RNA for its replication and spread, yet has no appreciable nucleotide sequence similarity with the viral RNA. Such CMV satellite RNAs have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to modify the disease symptoms induced by their 'helper' virus and thereby produce either a more or less severe form of disease (reviewed in Collmer & Howell, 1992). The ability of some CMV satellite variants to attenuate virus diseases has been used to protect plants from CMV either by pre-inoculation of plants with a mild satelliteplus-virus combination (Montasser et al, 1991;Tien & Wu, 1991 ;Sayama et al, 1993) or by expressing satellite RNA sequences in transgenic plants (Harrison et al, 1987;Jacquemond et al, 1988;Zhao et al, 1990;McGarvey et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of some CMV satellite variants to attenuate virus diseases has been used to protect plants from CMV either by pre-inoculation of plants with a mild satelliteplus-virus combination (Montasser et al, 1991;Tien & Wu, 1991 ;Sayama et al, 1993) or by expressing satellite RNA sequences in transgenic plants (Harrison et al, 1987;Jacquemond et al, 1988;Zhao et al, 1990;McGarvey et al, 1994). Satellite variants that induce new symptoms have been studied at a number of laboratories and the nucleotide sequences necessary for the induction of tomato necrosis and tobacco chlorosis have been described in detail (Collmer & Howell, 1992). However, the role of the helper virus as an essential intermediary in all these processes is only beginning to be studied at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The complete sequence of a cucumber mosaic virus from Ixora that is deficient in the replication of satellite RNAs

McGarvey

Tousignant

Geletka

et al. 1995

Journal of General Virology

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A cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Ix) from Ixora is unusual in that it does not support the accumulation of some well-characterized CMV satellite RNAs in plants. CMV-Ix can support a particular satellite RNA variant which causes lethal tomato necrosis when inoculated with other CMV strains but not when inoculated with CMV-Ix. This difference in ability to support accumulation of specific satellite variants is apparent even when their sequences differ by only 10 nucleotides. Electroporation of tomato protoplasts with combinations of CMV-Ix or CMV-1 RNA plus the same satellite variants showed similar differences in accumulation, indicating a defect in satellite RNA replication and not movement or encapsidation. Pseudorecombinant virus infections between CMV-1 and CMV-Ix indicated that the genomic determinants responsible for this phenotype reside on RNA 1 since only combinations with CMV-Ix RNA 1 failed to replicate satellite RNA. The complete genome of CMV-Ix was cloned, sequenced and compared with the genomes of other cucumoviruses. CMV-Ix is most similar in RNA and protein sequence to subgroup 1 CMV-Fny and CMV-Y but slightly less similar than they are to each other. CMV-Ix and all cucumovirus strains sequenced thus far share a domain in the 3' untranslated portion of their genomic RNAs in which 39 of 40 bases are completely conserved.

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“…satsiRNAs with lengths of both 21 and 22 nt were identified. It has been shown previously that specific nucleotide residues or satRNA structures determine the capability for modulating symptoms caused by helper viruses (8,30,37,47). It was also suggested that the effect of satRNA on helper viruses could be related to the competition of the replication between the helper virus and satRNA (40,46).…”

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confidence: 99%

Satellite RNA-Derived Small Interfering RNA satsiR-12 Targeting the 3′ Untranslated Region of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Triggers Viral RNAs for Degradation

Zhu

Duan

Hou

et al. 2011

J Virol

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RNA silencing provides protection against RNA viruses by targeting both the helper virus and its satellite RNA (satRNA). Virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) bound with Argonaute (AGO) proteins are presumed participants in the silencing process. Here, we show that a vsiRNA targeted to virus RNAs triggers the host RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6)-mediated degradation of viral RNAs. We confirmed that satRNA-derived small interfering RNAs (satsiRNAs) could be associated with different AGO proteins in planta. Diverse RNA silencing processes exist in plants, including silencing by microRNAs (miRNAs) and several classes of endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) involved in pathways with multiple Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) and Argonaute proteins (AGOs) (3, 4). There are four specialized DCLs (DCL1 to DCL4) that produce different kinds of small RNAs (sRNAs; 21 to 25 nucleotides [nt] in length) from doublestranded RNAs or stem-loop precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana. The resulting sRNAs bind to an AGO protein to form effector complexes, termed RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), to target the cleavage or translational suppression of cRNA based on sequence complementarity (1). There are three clades of AGOs, including 10 subfamily members in Arabidopsis (50). Recent studies reveal distinct binding affinities of sRNAs with different 5Ј-terminal nucleotides targeted to AGO proteins (31). AGO1 displays a strong bias for sRNAs with a 5Ј-terminal uridine, while AGO2 and AGO4 are associated mainly with sRNA sequences that are initiated with a 5Ј adenosine, and AGO5 is highly enriched for sRNA sequences that are initiated with a 5Ј cytosine (31).RNA silencing also provides protection against diverse RNA viruses in many eukaryotic organisms (28,38,52). Two classes of viral siRNAs are generated in virus infections: the primary siRNAs, derived from the DCL-mediated cleavage of a viral RNA precursor, and the secondary siRNAs, whose biogenesis requires host RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) (12,16,20,52) in a process likely resembling the production of secondary siRNAs in plants, which is triggered by an AGO1-containing 22-nt miRNA or siRNA (7,9,42). To counter or escape from host antiviral silencing, many viruses have evolved viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR) to interfere with host RNA silencing at different stages (11,14,27). For example, the 2b protein, a VSR encoded by a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (5, 21, 29), perturbs RNA silencing by directly interacting with AGO1, which results in a block of the loading of sRNAs into the AGO1 RISC and, thereby, interferes with the Slicer activity of AGO1 (55).CMV is one of the best-characterized tripartite positivesense single-stranded RNA viruses, with genes encoding five proteins distributed on three genomic and two subgenomic RNAs. The 1a and 2a proteins encoded by genomic RNA1 and RNA2, respectively, are RDRs involved in viral replication (24,35,36). Genomic RNA3 encodes the 3a protein, or movement

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Role of Satellite RNA in the Expression of Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

A Begomovirus DNAβ-Encoded Protein Binds DNA, Functions as a Suppressor of RNA Silencing, and Targets the Cell Nucleus

A Begomovirus DNAβ-Encoded Protein Binds DNA, Functions as a Suppressor of RNA Silencing, and Targets the Cell Nucleus

The complete sequence of a cucumber mosaic virus from Ixora that is deficient in the replication of satellite RNAs

Satellite RNA-Derived Small Interfering RNA satsiR-12 Targeting the 3′ Untranslated Region of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Triggers Viral RNAs for Degradation

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