Role of pretest expectancy in vigilance decrement.

Colquhoun, W. P.; Baddeley, Alan

doi:10.1037/h0042875

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, we assume that our passive task, especially when directly compared to the ignore and focused tasks, shared commonalities with vigilance and sustained attention tasks, which are characterized by a low rate of relevant stimuli and require concentrated attention over a prolonged period of time (e.g., Haga, 1984; Warm et al, 1996; Noyes, 2009). A vigilance decrement in such tasks (Colquhoun and Baddeley, 1964) leads to a drop in performance, sometimes already within 5 min after the initiation of the task (for a review, see Warm et al, 2008a). Warm and colleagues rejected the previous view that the decline of arousal and performance is exclusively due to monotony (Warm et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task instructions modulate the attentional mode affecting the auditory MMN and the semantic N400

Erlbeck

Kübler

Kotchoubey

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been proven to be a useful tool to complement clinical assessment and to detect residual cognitive functions in patients with disorders of consciousness. These ERPs are often recorded using passive or unspecific instructions. Patient data obtained this way are then compared to data from healthy participants, which are usually recorded using active instructions. The present study investigates the effect of attentive modulations and particularly the effect of active vs. passive instruction on the ERP components mismatch negativity (MMN) and N400. A sample of 18 healthy participants listened to three auditory paradigms: an oddball, a word priming, and a sentence paradigm. Each paradigm was presented three times with different instructions: ignoring auditory stimuli, passive listening, and focused attention on the auditory stimuli. After each task, the participants indicated their subjective effort. The N400 decreased from the focused task to the passive task, and was extinct in the ignore task. The MMN exhibited higher amplitudes in the focused and passive task compared to the ignore task. The data indicate an effect of attention on the supratemporal component of the MMN. Subjective effort was equally high in the passive and focused tasks but reduced in the ignore task. We conclude that passive listening during EEG recording is stressful and attenuates ERPs, which renders the interpretation of the results obtained in such conditions difficult.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task instructions modulate the attentional mode affecting the auditory MMN and the semantic N400

Erlbeck

Kübler

Kotchoubey

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Increased conservatism over time is a common finding in vigilance studies, and is often due to normal changes in probability expectations under conditions of low target probability (Parasuraman & Davies, 1976). Response bias can also increase as observers come to believe that signal probability is less than they originally thought (See et al, 1997), such as when target probability during a training session influences expectations about target probability in a subsequent sustained attention task (e.g., Colquhoun & Baddeley, 1964, 1967; Williams, 1986). In Experiment 1, the threshold procedure was not like the sustained attention task at all, thus subjects would have developed no expectation of a particular target probability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between endogenous and exogenous attention during vigilance

MacLean

Aichele

Bridwell

et al. 2009

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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The ability to remain vigilant over long periods of time is critical for many everyday tasks, but controlled studies of visual sustained attention show that performance declines over time when observers are required to respond to rare stimulus events (targets) occurring in a sequence of standard stimulus events (non-targets). When target discrimination is perceptually difficult, this vigilance decrement manifests as a decline in perceptual sensitivity. We examined whether sudden-onset stimuli could act as exogenous attentional cues to improve sensitivity during a traditional sustained attention task. Sudden-onset cues presented immediately before each stimulus attenuated the sensitivity decrement, but only when event timing (the inter-event interval) was constant. When event timing was variable, exogenous cues increased overall sensitivity but did not prevent performance decline. Finally, independent of the effects of sudden onsets, a constant inter-event interval improved vigilance performance. Our results demonstrate that exogenous attention enhances perceptual sensitivity during vigilance performance, but that this effect is dependent on observers being able to predict the timing of stimulus events. Such a result indicates a strong interaction between endogenous and exogenous attention during vigilance. We relate our findings to a resource model of vigilance, as well as to theories of endogenous and exogenous attention over short time periods.

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“…Four groups of subjects were formed, each being assigned to a different task and event rate condition. The training and practice sessions included a 10-minute "expectancy-matching" (20) task that accurately sampled the main task features. A digital computer controlled the presentation of stimuli and the acquisition of responses in all phases of the experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Load and Event Rate Control Sensitivity Decrements in Sustained Attention

Parasuraman

1979

Science

362

300

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The capacity to sustain attention at an efficient level deteriorates over time in discrimination and monitoring tasks. This "vigilance decrement" results from a decrement in perceptual sensitivity only if (i) target discrimination loads memory and (ii) stimulus events occur rapidly; otherwise, the decrement reflects temporal changes in response criteria. These results provide a basis for distinguishing between the perceptual and response processes underlying the vigilance decrement that may be generalized across a range of tasks.

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Role of pretest expectancy in vigilance decrement.

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Task instructions modulate the attentional mode affecting the auditory MMN and the semantic N400

Task instructions modulate the attentional mode affecting the auditory MMN and the semantic N400

Interactions between endogenous and exogenous attention during vigilance

Memory Load and Event Rate Control Sensitivity Decrements in Sustained Attention

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