Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation in the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Circulatory Shock

Role of nitric oxide, superoxide, peroxynitrite and PARP in diabetic retinopathy

“…It is known that there are differences between macrovascular cells and microvascular cells (154-157, 158), so whether or not these findings apply to causes of PARP activation in the retinas of diabetic animals is still unclear. In contrast to the aforementioned hypothesis that mitochondrial-generated superoxide causes PARP activation (153), PARP inhibitors (PJ-34 and INO-1001) have been found to inhibit the diabetes-induced increase ROS production in kidney of db/db mice (142). Thus, it is not yet clear whether ROS is upstream or downstream of PARP activation in the retina of diabetes.…”

“…PARP is a nuclear enzyme that is involved in the cellular response to DNA injury, such as that from oxidative stress or nitrative stress (137,138). Activation of PARP has been demonstrated in the skin microvessels of type 2 diabetic patients (126), as well as several other organs in diabetic animals (96,131,(139)(140)(141)(142)(143)(144)(145). As discussed above, the oxidative and nitrosative stress are greater in retinas of diabetic animals than those in retinas from normal animals (46,146,147).…”

PARP Inhibitors: An Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders in Sepsis

“… 104 These differences in the efficacy of olaparib may be due to the physiological inhibitory effect of estrogen on PARP activation. 69 , 109 Olaparib (in the dose and concentration range evaluated) has also been shown to have no adverse effects on nuclear DNA integrity and has a protective effect on mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial function. 104 In another new study, Zhang et al, using a model of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) affected by LPS-induced inflammation, demonstrated that remifentanil, a potent opioid analgesic, could reduce the LPS-induced inflammatory response through the PARP-1/NF-κB signalling pathway.…”

The Role and Research Progress of Drug-Resistant Oral Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis

“…Under normal physiological conditions, there is a dynamic balance between microorganisms in the oral cavity and the host. However, when this balance is broken, some pathogenic microorganisms will over-multiply, causing inflammatory reaction of periodontal tissue [10]. Anaerobic bacteria in oral microbial community, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fossettan bacteria, are the main pathogens of periodontitis.…”