Role of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Review of the Treatment Potential and Development Strategy

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is mainly mediated by pathological T-cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-known animal model of MS that is used to study the underlying mechanism and offers a theoretical basis for developing a novel therapy for MS. Good therapeutic effects have been observed after the administration of natural compounds and their derivatives as treatments for EAE. However, there has been a severe lag in the research and development of drug mechanisms related to MS. This review examines natural products that have the potential to effectively treat MS. The relevant data were consulted in order to elucidate the regulated mechanisms acting upon EAE by the flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids derived from natural products. In addition, novel technologies such as network pharmacology, molecular docking, and high-throughput screening have been gradually applied in natural product development. The information provided herein can help improve targeting and timeliness for determining the specific mechanisms involved in natural medicine treatment and lay a foundation for further study.

Natural products targeting cellular processes common in Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis

“…Many reviews have summarized the results of using NPs for treating PD, MS, or other neurodegenerative diseases according to their molecular structures (34,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). To our knowledge, few categorized based on their functions toward cellular and subcellar processes inherent in both PD and MS. No reviews have linked the use of NPs for PD to those utilizing the same or similar type of NPs as MS modalities.…”

The functional mechanisms of synchronizing royal jelly consumption and physical activity on rat with multiple sclerosis-like behaviors hallmarks based on bioinformatics analysis, and experimental survey

“…Moreover, the Naringenin compound has improved Alzheimer’s disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer in several clinical trials studies [ 20 – 22 ]. Experiments were carried out by incorporating 5% Naringenin compound into mice’s diets or injecting 20–80 mg/kg of Naringenin compound had immunomodulatory effects and could regulate T-regs and balance the Th1/Th2 ratio in autoimmune arthritis, resulting in less inflammation [ 23 – 25 ]. Also, growing evidence has been shown that the Hesperetin compound had neuroprotective properties in experimental models of neurodegenerative disorders [ 26 ].…”

Biotransformation, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Ginsenoside Rd Against Multiple Diseases

“…Mey., is one of the protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides, while the proportion of ginsenoside Rd in ginseng is very low ( Liu et al, 2020a ). Interestingly, the promising effects of the pretreatment and treatment of ginsenoside Rd on neurological diseases, cancer, gastrointestinal disease, and metabolic diseases have been studied extensively in in vivo and in vitro models ( Guo et al, 2021 ; Chen et al, 2022 ; Zhou et al, 2022 ).…”