Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 12 year study.

Hansen, M.A.; Overgaard, Karsten; Riis, Bente Juel; Christiansen, Claus

doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6808.961

Cited by 497 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, it has been recognised that an increased rate of bone turnover in adults may be a risk factor for fracture (Riggs et al, 1996), because it exacerbates bone loss (Hansen et al, 1991). High rates of bone turnover are also associated with a disruption of the trabecular network leading to a loss of connectivity which is not necessarily re¯ected in a decrease of bone mass (Par®tt, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males

et al. 1999

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Objective: To investigate the effects of changing from a medium (1.6 mg Cuad) to a low (0.7 mg Cuad) or a high (6.0 mgad) Cu intake on biochemical indices of bone turnover in healthy adult males. Design: A longitudinal intervention trial. Setting: The study was conducted at the Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK. Subjects: Eleven healthy adult males aged 20 ± 59 y were recruited from Norwich Research Park. Intervention: Subjects were given medium (1.6 mgad), low (0.7 mgad) and high (6.0 mgad) intakes of Cu, in that order, over consecutive 8 week periods with a minimum of 4 week washout periods. On the last d of each dietary period fasting ®rst void urine and blood were collected. Results: Serum caeruloplasmin or Cu (indices of Cu status), serum osteocalcin (biomarker of bone formation), urinary creatinine (Cr) were unaffected by dietary Cu intake. Urinary PyraCr and DpyraCr (biomarkers of bone resorption) were signi®cantly increased (P`0.05) (by 30% and 25% respectively), when subjects were switched from the medium to the low Cu diet and were signi®cantly decreased (P`0.05) (by 30% and 22% respectively), when subjects were switched from the low to the high Cu diet. Conclusion: The ®ndings of the present study could have implications for bone health in individuals with marginal Cu intakes. Thus, further studies are warranted to better de®ne the relationship of marginal Cu intakes to bone health. Sponsorship: Funding from the European Commission and from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males

et al. 1999

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“…For example, we have recently shown that a low dietary Cu intake (0.7 mgaday) for 6 weeks signi®-cantly increased the rate of bone resorption, as assessed by the urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks (sensitive and speci®c biochemical markers of bone resorption; Eyre, 1992;Robins & New, 1997), in healthy adult males aged between 20 and 59 y (Baker et al, 1999a). An increased rate of bone resorption is considered an early indicator of increased bone turnover (Eyre, 1992) and furthermore, an increased rate of bone turnover in adults may be a risk factor for fracture (Riggs et al, 1996), because it exacerbates bone loss (Hansen et al, 1991). High rates of bone turnover are also associated with a disruption of the trabecular network leading to a loss of connectivity which is not necessarily re¯ected in a decrease in bone mass (Par®tt, 1984).…”

Section: Dietary Cu Supplementation and Bone Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increased rate of bone resorption is considered an early indicator of increased bone turnover (Eyre, 1992) and, furthermore, an increased rate of bone turnover in adults may be a risk factor for fracture (Riggs et al, 1996), because it exacerbates bone loss (Hansen et al, 1991). An effect of Cu on bone turnover may explain the observation of Eaton-Evans et al (1996), who reported that Cu supplementation with an additional 3 mgaday for 2 y in middle-aged women (45 ± 56 y), led to a reduced rate of loss of BMD at the lumbar spine, suggesting that inadequate dietary Cu intake may be a contributory factor to age-related bone loss in this population group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No effect of copper supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adult females despite apparently improved copper status

et al. 2001

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Objective: To investigate the effects of increasing Cu intakes, above the usual dietary intake, on biomarkers of bone metabolism in healthy young adult females (aged 21 ± 28 y) over a 4 week period. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised repeat crossover Cu supplementation trial. Setting: The study was conducted at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (RVAU), Copenhagen, Denmark. Subjects: Sixteen healthy young adult females aged 20 ± 28 y were recruited from among students at the RVAU. Intervention: During the 4 week intervention periods in this randomised, crossover trial (3Â4 weeks with a minimum 3 week wash-out period), each subject received, in addition to their usual diet, either 3 or 6 mg elemental Cuaday as CuSO 4 or a matching placebo. On the last 3 days of each dietary period 24 h urines were collected. In addition, blood was collected on the last day of each dietary period. Results: Serum Cu and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (but not caeruloplasmin protein concentration or activity (putative indices of Cu status)) were signi®cantly increased (P`0.05) after daily Cu supplementation with 3 and 6 mgaday for 4 weeks. Serum osteocalcin (biomarker of bone formation), urinary creatinine (Cr) concentration, urinary pyridinoline (Pyr)aCr or deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr)aCr excretion, or daily urinary Pyr or Dpyr excretion (biomarkers of bone resorption) were unaffected by Cu supplementation. Conclusion: Copper supplementation of the usual diet in healthy young adult females, while apparently improving Cu status, had no effect on biochemical markers of bone formation or bone resorption over 4 week periods. Sponsorship: Funding from the European Commission.

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“…Bone density is one of the major predictors of osteoporotic fractures (Marshall et al, 1996) in the elderly and is the result of the amount of bone gained in early life (ie peak bone mass) and subsequent bone loss (Hansen et al, 1991). Physical activity and, to a lesser extent, diet (particularly calcium intake) during adolescence and early adulthood have been implicated as determinants of peak bone mass (Valimaki et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

2000

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Objective: To describe the association between maternal diet during the third trimester of pregnancy and bone mass in 8 y-old male and female children. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Southern Tasmania between 1988 and 1996. Subjects: One-hundred and seventy-three 8 -y-old male and female children with adequate maternal dietary information taking part in a study of bone mineralization. Results: After adjustment for confounders, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was positively associated with magnesium and phosphorus density of the maternal diet; lumbar spine BMD was positively associated with magnesium, phosphorus and potassium and negatively associated with fat density while total body BMD was positively associated with magnesium, potassium and protein and negatively associated with fat density (all P`0.05). After further adjustment for other signi®cant dietary factors, the only signi®cant remaining associations observed were for phosphorus and fat at the lumbar spine, although the adjusted goodness of ®t of the models improved compared to those including one dietary variable. A child in the`optimal' levels of dietary exposures had signi®cantly higher adjusted BMD at all sites (femoral neck, 5.5%, lumbar spine, 12%, total body, 6.8%). Calcium intake was not associated with BMD at any site, possibly due to a high average intake. Conclusions: This study reports a substantial association between in utero diet in a well-nourished population and later bone mass in their children. However, it does not allow identi®cation of the dietary components of greatest importance, indicating that these results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Further longitudinal studies in other populations are required to con®rm that dietary manipulation during pregnancy has a role to play in the early life prevention of osteoporosis.

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Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 12 year study.

Cited by 497 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males

Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males

No effect of copper supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adult females despite apparently improved copper status

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

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