Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis: Results of In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations

Siekmeier, R.; Steffen, Christian; März, Winfried

doi:10.1177/1074248407299519

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…In contrast, in another report on knee osteoarthritis in patients from Australia, vitamin E supplementation (α-tocopherol) did not relieve symptoms but they did not measure α-tocopherol or γ-tocopherol levels [190]. With regards to coronary heart disease and stroke, the benefit of tocopherols are also inconsistent among the studies [18, 191-193]; furthermore, measurement of levels of both α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol in tissues are commonly not reported [98, 191, 192, 194-196]. Studies of tocopherols and heart disease are complex since different dietary oils not only contain different forms of tocopherols but also contain different lipids that affect heart disease.…”

Section: Clinical Implications For Vitamin E Regulation Of Inflammatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoforms of Vitamin E Differentially Regulate Inflammation

Cook‐Mills¹,

McCary²

2010

EMIDDT

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Vitamin E regulation of disease has been extensively studied in humans, animal models and cell systems. Most of these studies focus on the α-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E. These reports indicate contradictory outcomes for anti-inflammatory functions of the α-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E, especially with regards to clinical studies of asthma and atherosclerosis. These seemingly disparate clinical results are consistent with recently reported unrecognized properties of isoforms of vitamin E. Recently, it has been reported that physiological levels of purified natural forms of vitamin E have opposing regulatory functions during inflammation. These opposing regulatory functions by physiological levels of vitamin E isoforms impact interpretations of previous studies on vitamin E. Moreover, additional recent studies also indicate that the effects of vitamin E isoforms on inflammation are only partially reversible using physiological levels of a vitamin E isoform with opposing immunoregulatory function. Thus, this further influences interpretations of previous studies with vitamin E in which there was inflammation and substantial vitamin E isoforms present before the initiation of the study. In summary, this review will discuss regulation of inflammation by vitamin E, including alternative interpretations of previous studies in the literature with regards to vitamin E isoforms.

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Section: Clinical Implications For Vitamin E Regulation Of Inflammatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoforms of Vitamin E Differentially Regulate Inflammation

Cook‐Mills¹,

McCary²

2010

EMIDDT

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“…The protective effect of a-T on LDL oxidation is related to its lipid solubility and its concentration in the lipid fraction of LDL. One LDL particle contains between 5 and 12 molecules of a-T, whereas the concentrations of g-T, b-carotene, and other antioxidants are less than one molecule per LDL particle [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols and comparison of vitamin E concentration and lipophilic antioxidant capacity in human plasma

Müller

Theile

Böhm

2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

172

112

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A comparative study investigated four tocopherols, four tocotrienols, and alpha-tocopheryl acetate on their antioxidative activities in five different popular assays, which were adapted to non-polar antioxidants. alpha-Tocopherol, used as calibration standard, showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power. Greater ring methyl substitution not only led to an increase of scavenging activity against the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, but also to a decrease in oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Regarding alpha-tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity no significant differences in the antioxidant activity of all vitamin E isoforms were found. In contrast, a significantly lower peroxyl radical-scavenging activity of alpha-tocochromanols was determined in a chemiluminescence assay. Except oxygen radical absorbance capacity, no significant differences of the antioxidant activity related to the side chain could be detected. The data show that the reducing ability and radical chain-breaking activity of the several vitamin E forms depends on the circumstances under which the assays are performed. In our opinion, the used lipophilic methods can be useful for estimating the antioxidant activity of strong non-polar antioxidants, e.g. carotenoids, too. Furthermore, we could show a significant correlation between the total tocopherol content in human plasma and the lipophilic antioxidant capacity measured by alpha-tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.

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“…Oxidative stress significantly participates in the pathophysiology of highly prevalent diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, atherosclerosis and acute renal failure. Under physiological conditions both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems are characterized by an oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium (14,40,47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid on activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione level in selected organs of the mouse

Szaroma¹,

Dziubek²,

Kapusta³

2014

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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One of the major classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors is the class of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Receptor activation recruits, via calcium signal transduction mechanisms which play important roles in oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial free radical production and occurrence of other mitochondrial factors which potentially contribute to excitotoxicity and neuronal death. In the present study, the effects of stimulation of NMDARs by applying N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in the brain, liver, kidneys and pancreas on change of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and in the amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood, brain, liver and kidneys has been investigated. Statistically significant decrease of the activity of SOD, CAT and GSHPx and in the amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in the examined organs after administration of NMDA, an agonist of NMDA receptors, demonstrating that NMDA administration compromises the antioxidant status in the investigated organs of the mouse.

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Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis: Results of In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations

Cited by 56 publications

References 138 publications

Isoforms of Vitamin E Differentially Regulate Inflammation

Isoforms of Vitamin E Differentially Regulate Inflammation

In vitro antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols and comparison of vitamin E concentration and lipophilic antioxidant capacity in human plasma

Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid on activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione level in selected organs of the mouse

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