Role of Opioid Peptides in Disorders of Attention in Psychopathology

Buchsbaum, M.S.; Reus, Victor I.; Davis, G. C.; Holcomb, H. H.; Cappelletti, J.; Silberman, E.; Davis, George C.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Pickar, David; Post, Robert M.; Kammen, Daniel M.; Bunney, William E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb39508.x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This association between negative symptoms and frontal dysfunction is supported by a variety of studies [15][16][17], In contrast, a hypofrontali ty was not observed in the disorganized clus-ter. This finding is in accordance with pre vious reports [18][19][20] and indicates that hypofrontality is not specific for schizophrenia but may be rather related to changes of drive and emotional retardation. The negative symp tom cluster also had high values on the left temporal cortex factor.…”

Section: Ct and Pet Findingssupporting

confidence: 82%

Structural and Functional Correlates of Subsyndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

et al. 1995

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Recent psychopathological studies consistently identified a delusional, a negative, and a disorganized subsyndrome in chronic schizophrenia. The aim of our studies was to investigate the subsyndromes with respect to their underlying cerebral changes using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET). In a CT study 50 DSM III schizophrenics were subgrouped according to four factors identified by a factor analysis of BPRS ratings. This procedure identified three chronic clusters (delusional ideation, negative symptoms, and disorganization) and one cluster with a remitting course of the disorder. Both the negative and the delusional subsyndrome were associated with a widening of the frontal interhemispheric fissure. Disorganization was associated with neurological soft signs, an increased ventricle brain ratio, and width of the 3rd ventricle. The same subgrouping was applied in a 18F-deoxyglucose PET study of 79 neuroleptic free DSM III schizophrenic patients and 47 healthy controls. The delusional subsyndrome was associated with a decreased hippocampal function, while the negative subsyndrome showed a prominent hypofrontality and left temporal cortex changes. Both the delusional and the negative subsyndrome were associated with a decreased activity in the medial frontal gyms in comparison to the other schizophrenic patients and the healthy controls. The disorganized subsyndrome was characterized by an overactivity in the parietal cortex and motor strip and a decreased activity in the corpus callosum. These findings support the differentiation of three subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia. The subsyndromes seem to be characterized by deviant patterns of cerebral alterations, rather than deficits in a single location.

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Section: Ct and Pet Findingssupporting

confidence: 82%

Structural and Functional Correlates of Subsyndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

et al. 1995

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“…Similarly. Buchsbaum et al [1982] found ACTH to shift the attention-related enhancement of the amplitudes of the N120 component of the VEP to higher light intensities in patients with affective disorders. Although obtained in an attention task, the effects depending on stimulus intensity suggest an influence of ACTH on sensory sensitivity.…”

Section: Selective Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACTH and Attention in Humans:A Review

Born¹,

Fehm²,

Voigt³

1986

Neuropsychobiology

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In addition to the hormonal action of corticotropin (ACTH) on the adrenal cortex, this peptide and fragments of it may function as chemical signals in CNS synapses. This report reviews studies on behavioral and psychophysiological effects of ACTH-related neuropeptides. Experiments will be emphasized which applied EEG techniques for the measurement of peptide-induced changes on aspects of information processing in man. It is proposed to conceptualize the pattern of actions of ACTH-related neuropeptides as a blocking of suppressive functions occurring, for example, during habituation or selective attention. Disinhibitory effects mediated by structures of the limbic system may be responsible for repeatedly observed improvements of sustained attention, but impairments of selective attention following the administration of ACTH-related neuropeptides. Under the influence of these peptides the attention is more easily attracted by stimuli, irrespective of their relevance.

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“…Administration of the opiate antagonist nalaxone showed marked enhance ment of the N120 somatosensory EP component, im proving pain perception and attention [Buchsbaum et al" 1982a], Investigation of the N120 somatosensory EP compo nent during somatosensory stimulation indicates that normals show strongly localized activity in the pre-and postcentral gyri which increases, with stimulus intensity. Schizophrenics, in contrast, show more diffuse EP activ ity which does not vary noticeably with increasing inten sity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced amplitudes of the N120 component in schizophrenics have been widely reported in the litera ture [Buchsbaum, 1977, 1979: Buchsbaum et al" 1982aShagass et al, 1981]. The N120 component is particu larly interesting because it has been associated with pain sensitivity [Davis and Buchsbaum, 1981] and selective attention [Desmedt and Robertson, 1977] in the somato sensory modality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographic Differences between Normals and Schizophrenics: The N120 Evoked Potential Component

Buchsbaum

Awsare

Holcomb³

et al. 1986

Neuropsychobiology

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Topographic differences in evoked potentials were measured in 20 off-medication chronic schizophrenics and 24 normal controls. Four intensities of brief electrical shocks were administered to the subject’s right forearm in a random order at 1-second intervals. Evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded from the scalp over the left hemisphere. The EP data from 16 left hemisphere leads were used to generate EP maps of brain response for individual subjects. The maps were normalized by z transformation. Group mean maps of EP activity and unpaired t tests were then computed. Normals showed strongly localized activity in the pre- and postcentral gyri, with increasing intensity resulting in the attenuation of parietal response. Schizophrenics showed more diffuse EP activity which did not vary with intensity. Significant differences between normals and schizophrenics were found for all four intensities in posterior frontal and anterior parietal cortex. This is consistent with the findings of small EPs reported by others in the somatosensory, visual and auditory modalities.

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Role of Opioid Peptides in Disorders of Attention in Psychopathology

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Structural and Functional Correlates of Subsyndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

Structural and Functional Correlates of Subsyndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

ACTH and Attention in Humans:A Review

Topographic Differences between Normals and Schizophrenics: The N120 Evoked Potential Component

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