Role of nuclear receptors in breast cancer stem cells

Papi, Alessio; Orlandi, Marina

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v8.i3.62

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Apart from its ability to bind RXR and selectively activate RXRγ, IIF was demonstrated to have a greater antiproliferative effect than ATRA and 9- cis- retinoic acid in the leukemic cell line HL-60. IIF also induced differentiation in several cancer cell lines, inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increased expression of their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) [ 44 ]. Both ATRA and IIF down-regulated genes that supported the tumour stem cell phenotype maintenance (Slug, Notch-3 and Jagged-1) by blocking the NF-κB axis: these events were associated with re-expression of differentiation markers such as ERα and keratin-18 in breast carcinoma stem cells [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EGFR inhibition by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and IIF treatments reduces breast cancer cell invasion

et al. 2017

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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is an important marker in breast carcinoma pathology and is considered a pivotal molecule for cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most active green tea catechin, in combination with 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene (IIF), a synthetic retinoid X receptor-γ (RXRγ) agonist, on three breast carcinoma cell lines: MCF-7, MCF-7TAM and MDA-MB-231. EGFR and AKT activation and molecular markers of cell motility and migration (CD44, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inducer (EMMPRIN), MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)) were studied after EGCG and IIF treatments. The EGCG + IIF treatment was the most active in down-regulating EGFR phosphorylation at Tyr1068 in all the investigated cell lines; p473AKT was also down-regulated in MCF-TAM cells. EGCG + IIF was also the most active treatment in reducing the expression of markers of invasion and migration in all the three cell lines: CD44, EMMPRIN, MMP-2 and -9 expression decreased, whereas TIMPs were up-regulated. Zymography and scratch assay also confirmed the reduced invasion tendency. We considered that EGCG and IIF treatments could alter the molecular network based on EGFR, CD44 and EMMPRIN expression interdependence and reduced the migration tendency in MCF-7, MCF-7TAM and MDA-MB-231 cells. These events only occurred in association with AKT inactivation in MCF-7TAM cells. In conclusion, the combination of EGCG and IIF significantly attenuated the invasive behaviour of breast carcinoma cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EGFR inhibition by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and IIF treatments reduces breast cancer cell invasion

et al. 2017

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“…This is the case not only in colorectal cancer 21 but also in other carcinomas 22 in relation to cancer stem cells. 23 With regard to colorectal cancer, the heterogeneity is more frequent in tumors exhibiting microsatellite instability (MSI) than in microsatellite-stable (MSS) carcinomas. 24 Changes within the mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC) could be the hallmark for further DNA sequencing and personalized treatment choice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Association Between Inflammation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Colorectal Carcinoma</p>

Briede¹,

Štrumfa²,

Vanags³

et al. 2020

JIR

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Background: Inflammation plays an important albeit dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumorous inflammation. Currently, the theoretical background allows inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to be linked. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. Purpose and methods: The aim of our study was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of colorectal cancer, EMT, stemness and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. The study was designed as a retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical assessment of 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated primary CRC. Results: There were statistically significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), absence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) and less frequent lymphatic (p = 0.003), venous (p = 0.017), arterial (p = 0.012), perineural (p = 0.001) and intraneural (p = 0.01) invasion. In contrast, Crohn's like reaction (CLR) by density of lymphoid follicles in the invasive front lacked significant differences in regard to pT, pN, tumor invasion into surrounding structures (blood or lymphatic vessels, nerves), grade or necrosis (all p > 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and MMR proteins yielded no statistically significant associations with peritumorous inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin levels were significantly associated with the density of eosinophils (p = 0.007). Conclusion: High-grade peritumorous inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent manifestations of invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. CLR is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen grade and CLR is not dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell differentiation. Our study highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumor morphology, EMT, stemness and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues.

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“…The SHRs act in cell type- and gene-specific manners to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease 345. It is well known that steroid hormones exert most of their biological effects through their receptors at the level of gene regulation 678.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 2 The SHRs act in cell type- and gene-specific manners to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. 3 4 5 It is well known that steroid hormones exert most of their biological effects through their receptors at the level of gene regulation. 6 7 8 The SHRs pass signals from a steroid/hormone to the target genes by interacting with specific response element DNA sequences and various coregulatory proteins that consist of activators and/or corepressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid hormone receptors and prostate cancer: role of structural dynamics in therapeutic targeting

Kumar

2016

Asian J Androl

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Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) act in cell type- and gene-specific manner through interactions with coregulatory proteins to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes at the level of gene regulation. Binding of steroid receptor modulator (SRM) ligand leads to allosteric changes in SHR to exert positive or negative effects on the expression of target genes. Due, in part, to the fact that current SRMs generally target ligand binding domain (LBD)/AF2 and neglect intrinsically disordered (ID) N-terminal domain (NTD)/AF1, clinically relevant SRMs lack selectivity and are also prone to the development of resistance over time. Therefore, to maximize the efficacy of SHR-based therapeutics, the possibility of developing unique modulators that act to control AF1 activity must be considered. Recent studies targeting androgen receptor's (AR's) ID AF1 domain for the castration-resistant prostate cancer has provided the possibility of therapeutically targeting ID NTD/AF1 surfaces by allosteric modulations to achieve desired effects. In this review article, we discuss how inter- and intra- molecular allosteric regulations controlled by AR's structural flexibility and dynamics particularly the ID NTD/AF1 is an emerging area of investigation, which could be exploited for drug development and therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer.

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Role of nuclear receptors in breast cancer stem cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 101 publications

EGFR inhibition by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and IIF treatments reduces breast cancer cell invasion

EGFR inhibition by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and IIF treatments reduces breast cancer cell invasion

<p>The Association Between Inflammation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Colorectal Carcinoma</p>

Steroid hormone receptors and prostate cancer: role of structural dynamics in therapeutic targeting

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