Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression

Waclawiková, Barbora; Aidy, Sahar El

doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0404.v1

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…The reason might be related to blood‐brain barriers (BBB). The tight junctions’ transmembrane proteins claudins, tricellulin, and occluding restrict paracellular diffusion of water‐soluble substances from blood to the brain . Consistent with previous studies, we deduced that peripheral blood 5‐HT did not correlate with CUMS because of the complex influential factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Objective This study was to inspect the antidepressant‑like effect of prebiotics and probiotics, and to explore the effect of modulating gut microbiota on the serotonin (5‐HT) metabolism. Methods Fifty rats were separated into control and other four groups randomly. The four groups underwent the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) intervention with or without prebiotics and probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, L. rhamnosus) treatment. After weighted, the animals underwent a series of behavioral tests comprising the sucrose preference test (SPT) and the forced swimming test (FST). Central and colonic serotonin levels and relative metabolism factors were measured and analyzed. Microbiota was examined by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Results CUMS intervention caused a decrease in body weight, an increase in FST, and a decrease in SPT. Prebiotics and probiotics all ameliorated the CUMS‐induced loss of weight and depressive‐like behaviors to a certain extent, especially L. rhamnosus. Compared with the group of CUMS intervention, the rats of probiotics and probiotics treatment had a tendency to reduce colonic 5‐HT and increase 5‐HT in frontal cortex and hippocampus. However, there was no significant difference in peripheral blood 5‐HT among these groups. Furthermore, CUMS caused noteworthy gut microbiota variations at the phylum and other levels in rats. Remarkably, there were considerable relations of perturbed gut microbiota with the changed metabolism of 5‐HT. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings implied that prebiotics and probiotics have antidepressive effects, and a considerable effect on the regulation of 5‐HT metabolism, especially L. rhamnosus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Food & mood: a review of supplementary prebiotic and probiotic interventions in the treatment of anxiety and depression in adults

Noonan

Zaveri²,

Macaninch

et al. 2020

BMJNPH

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BackgroundA bidirectional relationship exists between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Foods containing bacteria that positively influence the gastrointestinal microbiome are termed, probiotics; compounds that promote the flourishing of these bacteria are termed, prebiotics. Whether microbiome influencing therapies could treat psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, is an area of interest. Presently, no established consensus for such treatment exists.MethodsThis systematic review analyses databases and grey literature sites to investigate pre and/or probiotics as treatments for depression and/or anxiety disorders. Articles included are from within 15 years. Pre-determined inclusion exclusion criteria were applied, and articles were appraised for their quality using a modified-CASP checklist. This review focuses specifically on quantitative measures from patients with clinical diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety disorders.Results7 studies were identified. All demonstrated significant improvements in one or more of the outcomes measuring the of effect taking pre/probiotics compared with no treatment/placebo, or when compared to baseline measurements.DiscussionOur review suggests utilising pre/probiotic may be a potentially useful adjunctive treatment. Furthermore, patients with certain co-morbidities, such as IBS, might experience greater benefits from such treatments, given that pre/probiotic are useful treatments for other conditions that were not the primary focus of this discourse. Our results are limited by several factors: sample sizes (adequate, though not robust); short study durations, long-term effects and propensity for remission undetermined.ConclusionOur results affirm that pre/probiotic therapy warrants further investigation. Efforts should aim to elucidate whether the perceived efficacy of pre/probiotic therapy in depression and/or anxiety disorders can be replicated in larger test populations, and whether such effects are maintained through continued treatment, or post cessation. Interventions should also be investigated in isolation, not combination, to ascertain where the observed effects are attributable to. Efforts to produce mechanistic explanations for such effect should be a priority.

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Dietary Supplementation of Eubiotic Fiber Based on Lignocellulose on Performance and Welfare of Gestating and Lactating Sows

Odakura

Caldara

Burbarelli

et al. 2023

Animals

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially fermentable insoluble dietary fiber supplementation on the behavior, surface temperature, and reproductive parameters of gestating and lactating sows, as well as on the performance of their litters. Four hundred hyper-prolific sows were assigned in a randomized block design with two treatment groups during the gestation phase: Control (C), corn-soy based diets, or corn-soy based diets with daily 55 g supplementation of eubiotic fiber (F) from the 85th day of gestation until the farrowing (late pregnancy). During the lactation phase, the sows were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design using the following treatment groups: (1) CC, no fiber included during gestation and lactation. (2) FC, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber only during late pregnancy. (3) CF, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber only during lactation. (4) FF, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber during late pregnancy and lactation. Sows that received dietary fiber supplementation during the final third of gestation increased feed intake during lactation. Piglets from sows supplemented in both phases showed a significant increase in weight at weaning. The dietary supplementation of eubiotic fiber for sows in the end period of gestation and lactation improved performance and welfare, with positive consequences for developing their litters.

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Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression

Cited by 24 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Food & mood: a review of supplementary prebiotic and probiotic interventions in the treatment of anxiety and depression in adults

Dietary Supplementation of Eubiotic Fiber Based on Lignocellulose on Performance and Welfare of Gestating and Lactating Sows

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