Role of metabolism in ethyl carbamate-induced suppression of antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in female Balb/C mice

A T-cell-dependent humoral immune response is preserved during the administration of the nerve agent pre-treatment pyridostigmine bromide in a murine model

“…Whereas suppression of humoral and DTH reactions are seen with a range of carbamate pesticides [23][24][25], related compounds [26,27] and organophosphate anti-AChEs [28,29] other reports suggest no effect or even small increases in PFC numbers following in vivo low dose carbamate or OP treatment [30,31]. The mechanisms responsible for these effects, however, have not yet been determined and potential interactions with a direct cholinergic immunoregulation are often not considered.…”

Immunotoxic Effects of 2-Bromopropane in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats: A 28-Day Exposure Study

“…Usually, chemicals capable of inducing behavioral hyperactivity are able to modulate immune systems, because the immune systems are well regulated by the endocrine system (Fuchs, 1994). For example, the animals repeatedly treated with ethyl carbamate became behaviorally more hyperactive than did vehicle-treated controls (Jeong et al, 1995a). Recently it was found that the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis may play a role in ethyl carbamateinduced immunosuppression in mice (Cha et al, 2001).…”

Immunotoxicity of Pesticides

“…Ethyl carbamate did not affect the resistance of mice to encephalomyocarditis virus infection, but increased the incidence of induced leukemia (Chieco-Bianchi et al, 1963). Preinduction of P450 liver enzymes with phenobarbital resulted in an increase in the immunosuppression observed after administration of ethyl carbamate (Jeong et al, 1995). Preinduction of P450 liver enzymes with phenobarbital resulted in an increase in the immunosuppression observed after administration of ethyl carbamate (Jeong et al, 1995).…”